大德客家古村落空间营造对水体环境的适应性研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 08:33

本文选题：闽西客家 + 古村落　；参考：《华侨大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文通过对大德客家古村落空间营造对水体环境的适应性研究，深度挖掘了闽西客家古村落对水体环境的适应智慧，揭秘了一副尚未得到充分认识的古村落文化景观。本研究有助于开辟客家地域古村落研究、乡村生态学研究的视域，拓展客家土楼建筑研究的学术视角。本课题是2013福建省自然科学基金项目《福建传统建筑生态技术基础及再利用研究》的分项基础工作，研究成果可为日后闽西客家地区古村落传统生态技术的当代利用提供参考，为当地新村建设对水体环境的应用提供借鉴，也可为相应村落保护工作的开展提供启发。在课题研究过程中，以复杂科学、生态学等相关学说为指导，综合运用田野调查、文献考古、图示分析、数理统计等实证方法，获取一手材料，汇集成文。研究结果表明，基于闽西的水文背景及客家的移民文化等原因，，大德客家古村落空间营造，在与当地水体环境的适应过程中形成了有机、复杂、空间与水系紧密交织的规律。围绕这一中心论点，文章将从以下三大部分展开研究：第一，背景研究部分，从区域的角度探讨了闽西客家古村落的衍生对区域水系的适应性。通过研究，其在纵向历史衍生的过程中有沿水而迁的特点，在横向空间层面上表现为因水制宜的交织布局。第二，主体部分研究，主要从总体布局、建筑、道路、农田四个方面来揭示闽西客家古村落应对水体环境的紧密交织现象。在总体布局方面，探讨了大德古村落总体布局在适应河溪网络过程中产生的复杂共生的现象，具体表现在非线性的生成过程、复合交杂的结合方式、充满矛盾的组织结构和模糊离散的表现形态等四个方面；在建筑方面，展示了大德古村落建筑在客家复杂水体环境的影响下产生的多元景象；在道路方面，阐述了大德古村落道路在适应水流路径时的被动适应特征；在农田方面，揭示了大德古村落农田灌溉方式对自然水源集约利用的现象。第三，相关比较及启示。通过与闽南、江浙地区古村落的对比，突出闽西客家古村落适应水体环境的紧密交织的特点；通过与当地客家新村的对比，反思当代新农村建设适应水体环境的机械方式。研究最后，还对当地古村落应对水体环境的文化景观的保护提出了若干导向性的建议。
[Abstract]:Through the study on the adaptability of the space construction of the ancient Hakka village to the water body environment, this paper deeply excavates the wisdom of the ancient Hakka village in the west of Fujian to adapt to the water body environment, and exposes a cultural landscape of the ancient village which has not been fully recognized. This study is helpful to open up the study of ancient villages in Hakka areas, to study rural ecology, and to expand the academic perspective of the study of Hakka earthen buildings. This topic is the basic work of 2013 Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project "Research on Ecological Technology basis and reuse of Fujian traditional Architecture". The research results can provide a reference for the contemporary utilization of traditional ecological technology of ancient villages in Hakka area of Western Fujian. It can provide reference for the application of local new village construction to the water environment, and can also provide inspiration for the corresponding village protection work. In the course of the subject research, guided by the theories of complex science, ecology and other related theories, field investigation, literature archaeology, graphic analysis, mathematical statistics and other empirical methods are used synthetically to obtain primary materials and compile documents. The results show that, based on the hydrological background and Hakka immigrant culture in the west of Fujian, the spatial construction of the ancient Hakka village in Dade has formed an organic, complex and closely intertwined pattern between the space and the water system in the process of adapting to the local water environment. Focusing on this central argument, the article will focus on the following three main parts: In the first part, the paper discusses the adaptability of the derivation of Hakka ancient villages to the regional water system from the regional point of view. Through the research, it has the characteristic of moving along the water in the process of the vertical historical derivation, and it is interwoven and arranged in the horizontal spatial level because of the suitable water system. Second, the main part of the study, mainly from the overall layout, architecture, roads, farmland to reveal the four aspects of ancient Hakka villages in Western Fujian to cope with the water environment of the close intertwined phenomenon. In the aspect of overall layout, this paper discusses the complex symbiotic phenomenon in the process of adapting to the river network in the overall layout of the ancient village of Dade, which is manifested in the nonlinear process of generation and the combination of complex and mixed ways. It is full of contradictory organizational structure and fuzzy and discrete performance form. In the aspect of architecture, it shows the pluralistic scene of the ancient village buildings in Dade under the influence of the complex water environment of Hakka, and in the aspect of roads, This paper expounds the passive adaptation characteristics of the road in Dade ancient village when it adapts to the flow path, and reveals the phenomenon of intensive utilization of natural water resources in farmland irrigation mode in Dade ancient village. Third, the relevant comparison and enlightenment. By comparing with the ancient villages in the south of Fujian and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, this paper highlights the closely intertwined characteristics of the ancient Hakka villages in the west of Fujian to adapt to the water environment, and through the comparison with the local Hakka new villages, reflects on the mechanical ways of the construction of the contemporary new countryside to adapt to the water environment. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to protect the cultural landscape of local ancient villages.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU982.29;TV213

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