泡沫混凝土功能建材的制备与性能研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 13:03

本文选题：化学发泡 + 物理发泡　；参考：《海南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：世界性的能源危机已经使节能减排和实施低碳经济成为世界各国发展战略。由于建筑产业在GDP中的高比重,建筑节能被全球关注,因此,新型绿色功能建材已经成为国际研究热点。而我国建筑总耗能已经接近社会总耗能的40%,传统建筑材料如实心黏土砖、灰砂砖等在生产过程中耗能高、污染大、节能效果差被广为诟病,研发生产环保型、多功能、节能效果好的绿色功能建筑材料已经成为建筑市场的迫切需求。泡沫混凝土功能建材是一种新型建筑材料,它是由水泥浆、各类添加剂与泡沫混合制备而成,不需烧结和蒸压,生产过程耗能低,产品具有轻质、绝热、阻燃、可锯可钉、吸声等多功能的特点,近年来被广泛关注和研究并开始应用。但目前市场产品普遍还存在着强度不足、制备工艺问题多、产品功能单一、难以规模化生产等问题,还不能完全满足建筑市场应用的需要。本文针对上述问题,从制备泡沫混凝土基本配方及工艺入手,全面研究了化学发泡方法和物理发泡方法制备泡沫混凝土的方法、工艺和基本性能。试验结果表明：优选配方并采用化学发泡方法及先进工艺制备低容重(小于600g/cm3)的泡沫混凝土,制品具有良好的隔热性能,导热系数范围为0.041～0.075W/(m-k)；优选配方并采用物理发泡方法及先进工艺、太阳能养护方法制备高容重(大于600g/cm3)的泡沫混凝土,制品具有抗压强度大、吸水率低等优点,28d抗压强度测试结果为3.5-7.0MPa,吸水率均低于10%,导热系数范围为0.090W/(m·k)-0.120W/(m-k)。本文深入研究了化学发泡的工艺控制机制,有效把握了发泡剂与发泡时间的最佳控制方法；通过对物理发泡产品的太阳能养护方法研究,实现了产品性能提升和养护方法的创新,新技术更适合热带等阳光充足地区应用。本文创新性对泡沫混凝土墙面隔热板进行功能化改造,实现了电磁波吸收性泡沫混凝土功能建材的制备。研究表明,新产品在2～4GHz范围内,单层吸波板吸收反射率在-10dB以下带宽达到65%；双层吸波板吸收反射率在-10dB以下带宽达到100%,新产品可广泛用于建筑室内S带电磁污染控制及WLAN抗电磁干扰。新型功能型泡沫混凝土绿色建材不仅适合应用于内陆地区,由于其更好的隔热防水性能,更适合于热带海岛地区应用。希望通过进一步产业化研究推进产品更快走向市场。
[Abstract]:The worldwide energy crisis has made energy conservation and emission reduction and the implementation of low-carbon economy a development strategy in the world. Due to the high proportion of construction industry in GDP, building energy conservation has been paid attention to all over the world. Therefore, new green functional building materials have become a hot spot in international research. However, the total energy consumption of buildings in our country is already close to the 40 percent of the total social energy consumption. Traditional building materials such as solid clay bricks, lime and sand bricks, etc., have been widely criticized for their high energy consumption, high pollution, and poor energy-saving effects during the production process. Green functional building materials with good energy-saving effect have become an urgent demand in the construction market. Foam concrete functional building materials is a new type of building materials, it is made of cement slurry, various additives and foam mixture, without sintering and autoclaving, the production process energy consumption is low, the products are light, adiabatic, flame-retardant, sawable and nailable. Sound absorption and other multifunctional features have been widely studied and applied in recent years. However, at present, there are still some problems in the market products, such as insufficient strength, many problems in the preparation process, single function of the products, and difficulty in large-scale production, which can not fully meet the needs of the application of the construction market. In order to solve the above problems, the chemical foaming method and physical foaming method are studied in this paper from the basic formula and technology of preparing foamed concrete. The experimental results show that the foamed concrete with low bulk density (less than 600g / cm ~ 3) is prepared by chemical foaming method and advanced technology. The thermal conductivity is in the range of 0.041 ~ 0.075 W / m ~ (-1) 路m ~ (-1). The foamed concrete with high bulk density (> 600g / cm ~ (3) is prepared by selecting the formula and adopting physical foaming method and advanced technology. The products have high compressive strength. The results of 28d compressive strength test were 3.5-7.0MPa, and the water absorption was lower than 100.The thermal conductivity was in the range of 0.090W/(m KV -0.120 W / m ~ (-1) 路min ~ (-1) 路min ~ (-1). In this paper, the process control mechanism of chemical foaming is deeply studied, the best control method of foaming agent and foaming time is effectively grasped, and the solar energy curing method of physical foaming products is studied. The new technology is more suitable for sunny areas such as tropics. In this paper, the functional transformation of foam concrete wall insulation board is carried out, and the preparation of electromagnetic wave absorbing foam concrete functional building materials is realized. Research shows that the new product is within the scope of 2~4GHz, The absorption reflectance of single-layer absorbing plate is 65dB below -10dB, and that of double-layer absorbing plate is 100dB. The new product can be widely used in the electromagnetic pollution control of S-band and the anti-electromagnetic interference of WLAN. The new functional foam concrete green building material is not only suitable for inland area, but also suitable for tropical island area because of its better heat insulation and waterproof property. Hope through further industrialization research to promote the products to the market faster.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU528.2;TB34

【相似文献】