地下商场火灾烟气控制效果模拟研究

发布时间：2018-06-09 12:15

本文选题：地下商场 + 烟气控制　；参考：《安徽理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：地下建筑只有内部空间,没有外部空间,热量不易散失。与外界相连的出口少,内部方向感差,封闭性强,很难通过自然方式进行通风和采光,依赖人工照明和机械通风。地下商场一般位于繁华地带,单位面积大,人流量大,物资中不乏可燃易燃物品。因为这些特点,地下商场发生火灾时内部温度高、烟气量大、人员疏散困难、扑救难度大,对人员安全威胁极大,特别是火灾时产生的高温有毒烟气不仅能够降低空间内的能见度,高温的烟气还会使火灾迅速蔓延和对人直接造成伤害。据火灾统计,在火灾事故中超过50%的受害者直接或者间接死于火灾烟气伤害,有效的火灾烟气控制系统对于保证地下建筑物内的人员安全有重要作用。本文针对某地下商场现有的烟气控制系统,结合室内火灾与烟气理论,分析了现有火灾模型,最终选取FDS作为本文使用的火灾模拟软件,研究并确定火源热释放速率变化曲线和最大火源功率,设置边界条件和模拟参数对烟气控制效果进行了模拟评估。研究选定人眼特征高度的能见度与烟气温度作为危险判据,通过分析模拟结果,针对能见度与烟气温度在较短时间内达到危险状态这一问题,提出增大排风量和排烟口总面积的改进措施,并对改进措施进行模拟验证。结果表明采取改进措施后能够明显改善烟气控制效果,空间内部能见度和烟气温度都有明显变化。并且分析了现有疏散出口布置,模拟结果表明如果在建筑平面图右侧增加一个疏散出口,能够大大缩短右侧区域疏散时间并且有利于排烟时的自然补风量,能够更好的改善烟气控制效果。
[Abstract]:Underground buildings have only internal space, no external space, heat is not easy to lose. It is difficult to ventilate and daylighting by natural way, relying on artificial lighting and mechanical ventilation. Underground shopping malls are generally located in the bustling area, unit area, large flow of people, no lack of combustible materials. Because of these characteristics, the underground shopping mall has high internal temperature, large amount of smoke, difficulty in evacuation, difficulty in fighting and rescuing, and it is a great threat to the safety of personnel. Especially the high temperature toxic smoke produced by fire can not only reduce the visibility in the space but also make the fire spread rapidly and cause direct harm to people. According to fire statistics, more than 50% of the victims of fire accidents died directly or indirectly from fire smoke injury. The effective fire smoke control system plays an important role in ensuring the safety of people in underground building. This paper analyzes the existing fire model according to the existing smoke control system of an underground shopping mall and the theory of indoor fire and smoke. Finally, FDS is selected as the fire simulation software to study and determine the fire source heat release rate curve and maximum fire source power, setting boundary conditions and simulation parameters to simulate and evaluate the smoke control effect. The visibility and flue gas temperature with high human eye characteristics are selected as hazard criteria. By analyzing the simulation results, the visibility and flue gas temperature reach the dangerous state in a short time. The improvement measures of increasing the exhaust air volume and the total area of exhaust air outlet are put forward, and the improvement measures are simulated and verified. The results show that the effect of smoke control can be improved obviously by adopting the improved measures, and the visibility and flue gas temperature in the space have obvious changes. The simulation results show that if an evacuation exit is added to the right side of the building plan, the evacuation time of the right side area can be greatly shortened and the natural air volume of the smoke exhaust can be greatly reduced. Can better improve the smoke control effect.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU967;TU922

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