基于某一超高层建筑的火灾载荷调查及其烟气扩散研究
发布时间：2018-08-27 17:08
【摘要】：随着城市现代化进程的加快和城市建设的蓬勃发展，超高层建筑在一些大型城市中不断地涌现，已经成为所在城市重要的标志。超高层建筑不同于一般高层建筑，具有体型非常巨大、功能极其复杂、人员物资相对集中、电气化和自动化程度较高、火灾隐患多的诸多特点，稍有不慎更容易酿成火灾。一旦超高层建筑中发生火灾，具有蔓延极其迅速、火灾救援难度大以及人员疏散困难的特点，并且会造成极大的财产损失。 火灾载荷为建筑内所有可燃物燃烧所能够释放的总热量，是预测可能出现的火灾大小和严重程度的基础。火灾载荷数据主要与其建筑物的功能有关，但还与很多其他影响因素相关，比如建筑建成年代、装修风格、装修材料、中西方文化差异等因素。 本论文以某特定超高层建筑作为研究对象，首先针对该建筑内建筑形式、人员密度、防排烟设施等消防系统进行调研，然后对其中某一有代表性的办公区域进行火灾载荷分布、大小的现场调研，计算出本超高层建筑内标准层内火灾载荷数量，并估算出超高层建筑内该层可能出现的火灾规模，最后使用FDS软件对火灾发生时烟气蔓延的一些规律进行了研究。根据模拟数据评估火灾对建筑物和人员危害程度，为建筑火灾情况下人员疏散设计和超高层防火性能化提供相应依据。 由于超高层建筑火灾的巨大危害性，故对超高层建筑火灾烟气蔓延扩散及烟气对人员安全疏散的影响进行研究是非常迫切和必要的。我国对超高层建筑火灾载荷及火灾时烟气扩散一并研究的不多，，并且研究不够深入。故本课题的研究有一定实际意义，将会对我国超高层建筑火灾烟气流动和人员疏散救援提供可借鉴的依据。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urban modernization and the vigorous development of urban construction, super-tall buildings have been emerging in some large cities, which has become an important symbol of the city in which they live. Super-high-rise building is different from other high-rise buildings, it has many characteristics, such as very large size, extremely complex function, relatively concentrated personnel and materials, higher degree of electrification and automation, and more hidden dangers of fire, so it is easier to cause fire with a bit of carelessness. Once a fire occurs in a super high-rise building, it has the characteristics of extremely rapid spread, difficulty of fire rescue and difficulty of evacuation, and will cause great property losses. The fire load is the total heat that can be released by burning all combustible substances in the building and is the basis for predicting the magnitude and severity of the fire that may occur. The fire load data are mainly related to the function of the building, but also related to many other factors, such as the age of building completion, decoration style, decoration materials, cultural differences between China and the West, and so on. In this paper, a certain super high-rise building is taken as the research object. Firstly, the fire protection system such as building form, personnel density, smoke prevention and exhaust facilities are investigated, and then the fire load distribution of a representative office area is carried out. Through field investigation of the size of the building, the amount of fire load in the standard storey of the super high-rise building is calculated, and the fire scale that may occur in the super high-rise building is estimated. Finally, some laws of smoke spread during fire are studied by using FDS software. According to the simulated data, the fire hazard degree to buildings and personnel is evaluated, which provides the corresponding basis for the evacuation design and fire prevention performance of super high-rise buildings in the case of building fires. Because of the great harmfulness of super high-rise building fire, it is very urgent and necessary to study the influence of smoke spread and spread on the safety evacuation of personnel in super high-rise building fire. There are few researches on fire load and smoke diffusion of super high-rise building in our country, and the research is not enough. Therefore, the study of this subject has certain practical significance, which will provide reference for fire smoke flow and evacuation rescue of super high-rise buildings in China.
【学位授予单位】：北京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU972.4;TU973.21
本文编号：2207901
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urban modernization and the vigorous development of urban construction, super-tall buildings have been emerging in some large cities, which has become an important symbol of the city in which they live. Super-high-rise building is different from other high-rise buildings, it has many characteristics, such as very large size, extremely complex function, relatively concentrated personnel and materials, higher degree of electrification and automation, and more hidden dangers of fire, so it is easier to cause fire with a bit of carelessness. Once a fire occurs in a super high-rise building, it has the characteristics of extremely rapid spread, difficulty of fire rescue and difficulty of evacuation, and will cause great property losses. The fire load is the total heat that can be released by burning all combustible substances in the building and is the basis for predicting the magnitude and severity of the fire that may occur. The fire load data are mainly related to the function of the building, but also related to many other factors, such as the age of building completion, decoration style, decoration materials, cultural differences between China and the West, and so on. In this paper, a certain super high-rise building is taken as the research object. Firstly, the fire protection system such as building form, personnel density, smoke prevention and exhaust facilities are investigated, and then the fire load distribution of a representative office area is carried out. Through field investigation of the size of the building, the amount of fire load in the standard storey of the super high-rise building is calculated, and the fire scale that may occur in the super high-rise building is estimated. Finally, some laws of smoke spread during fire are studied by using FDS software. According to the simulated data, the fire hazard degree to buildings and personnel is evaluated, which provides the corresponding basis for the evacuation design and fire prevention performance of super high-rise buildings in the case of building fires. Because of the great harmfulness of super high-rise building fire, it is very urgent and necessary to study the influence of smoke spread and spread on the safety evacuation of personnel in super high-rise building fire. There are few researches on fire load and smoke diffusion of super high-rise building in our country, and the research is not enough. Therefore, the study of this subject has certain practical significance, which will provide reference for fire smoke flow and evacuation rescue of super high-rise buildings in China.
【学位授予单位】：北京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU972.4;TU973.21
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 刘建民;岳合生;;高层建筑火灾烟气蔓延的FDS模拟[J];消防技术与产品信息;2008年01期
本文编号：2207901
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