整合碳排放评价的中国绿色建筑评价体系研究

发布时间：2018-09-05 09:44

【摘要】：自2009年哥本哈根会议上我国政府承诺到2020年，单位DGP的CO2排放量比2005年降低40%~45%以来，，节能减排成为我国建筑业的“十二五”发展目标。目前我国低碳建筑的发展存在诸多问题，主要表现在国家政策、建筑碳排放核算方法和低碳建筑评价标准三个层面：低碳建筑概念不清导致低碳建筑设计结果分散；政府管理者缺乏有效工具客观评估建筑的碳排放水平，无法实施财税奖励政策以及建立碳交易市场；投资者利益驱动不足，无法从低碳建筑投资中获得应有回报；业主对低碳建筑没有切身感受，无法通过权威的认证标签识别低碳建筑产品。因此，我国亟需建立科学合理的低碳建筑评价体系，为各方决策提供客观的依据。文章系统梳理并比较了国内外六个典型低碳建筑评价体系的主要特征、评价对象、评价工具、指标体系、分值构成、权重系统、评估流程和评价结果，指出我国低碳建筑评价体系现存的共性问题：实施过程缺乏政府政策引导；评价对象范围有限；评价指标缺乏明确详细的核算方法；没有建立综合打分体系；没有建立独立权重系统；评价结果的输出形式过于抽象。继而，从现存问题的三个关键角度有针对性的研究了建筑碳足迹、指标基准和评价体系权重系统，提出了适合我国国情的确定方法与技术路线。在此基础上，建立起建筑环境性能综合评价体系框架的理论模型，明确了评价体系基本特征、系统规则、系统要素和评价工具群的内在逻辑结构。在建筑环境性能综合评价体系框架理论模型的指导下，以我国《绿色建筑评价标准》为研究基础，以完善我国绿色建筑评价体系碳排放性能评价视域为目标，构建整合碳排放评价的中国绿色建筑评价体系框架，针对天津地区住宅/办公建筑特点，进行了评价子系统的开发。探讨了建筑碳排放评价指标项、数学模型、指标基准、权重因子、评级基准和评价结果表达方式，制定了天津地区新建办公建筑特征标签工具打分表，并开发了便于用户自评价的软件工具及建筑碳排放LCA辅助工具。最后，应用评价软件和建筑碳排放LCA工具对天津大学1895建筑创意大厦进行了试评估，验证了评价体系的科学性及实用价值。本文提出的整合碳排放评价的中国绿色建筑评价体系框架和天津地区新建办公建筑特征标签工具，可以为我国现有绿色/低碳建筑评价体系的优化与完善提供理论与决策支持。
[Abstract]:Since our government promised in Copenhagen in 2009 to reduce the CO2 emissions per unit of DGP by 40% and 45% compared with 2005 by 2020, energy saving and emission reduction has become the "12th Five-Year Plan" development goal of China's construction industry. At present, there are many problems in the development of low-carbon buildings in China, which are mainly reflected in the national policy, the carbon emission accounting method of buildings and the evaluation standards of low-carbon buildings: the concept of low-carbon buildings is unclear and the design results of low-carbon buildings are scattered; Government managers lack of effective tools to objectively assess the level of carbon emissions of buildings, can not implement fiscal and tax incentives and establish a carbon trading market, investors are not driven enough to obtain due returns from low-carbon construction investment; Owners have no personal feelings for low-carbon buildings and cannot identify low-carbon building products through authoritative certification labels. Therefore, it is urgent for China to establish a scientific and reasonable evaluation system for low-carbon buildings to provide an objective basis for all parties to make decisions. This paper systematically combs and compares the main characteristics, evaluation objects, evaluation tools, index system, scoring system, weight system, evaluation process and evaluation results of six typical low-carbon building evaluation systems at home and abroad. This paper points out the common problems existing in the evaluation system of low-carbon buildings in China: the lack of government policy guidance in the implementation process, the limited scope of the evaluation objects, the lack of clear and detailed accounting methods for the evaluation indicators, the absence of a comprehensive scoring system, and the lack of a comprehensive scoring system. There is no independent weight system; the output form of evaluation results is too abstract. Then, from the three key angles of the existing problems, the paper studies the building carbon footprint, the index benchmark and the weight system of the evaluation system, and puts forward the determination method and technical route suitable for the national conditions of our country. On this basis, the theoretical model of the comprehensive evaluation system framework for building environmental performance is established, and the basic characteristics, system rules, system elements and the inherent logical structure of the evaluation tool group are defined. Under the guidance of the theoretical model of the comprehensive evaluation system of building environmental performance, based on the evaluation standard of green building in China, the aim of this paper is to improve the perspective of carbon emission performance evaluation of green building evaluation system in China. The evaluation system framework of Chinese green building integrated carbon emission assessment is constructed. According to the characteristics of residential / office buildings in Tianjin, the evaluation subsystem is developed. The evaluation index items, mathematical model, index datum, weight factor, rating benchmark and expression method of evaluation result of building carbon emission are discussed, and the scoring table of characteristic label tool for new office building in Tianjin area is established. A software tool for user self-evaluation and a building carbon emission LCA assistant tool are developed. Finally, the evaluation software and building carbon emission LCA tool are applied to evaluate the creative building of Tianjin University 1895, which verifies the scientific and practical value of the evaluation system. In this paper, the framework of Chinese green building evaluation system integrated with carbon emission assessment and the new office building feature label tool in Tianjin area can provide theoretical and decision-making support for the optimization and improvement of the existing green / low-carbon building evaluation system in China.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU201.5

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