扎根理论在管理类访谈中的应用初探

发布时间：2018-01-12 19:33

本文关键词：扎根理论在管理类访谈中的应用初探　出处：《北京中医药大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 访谈作为管理类课题定性研究的重要方法之一,在国内得到越来越广泛的应用。但是,对管理类访谈资料的整理与分析,一直缺乏一种科学有效的方法。扎根理论在国外广泛用于护理学、社会学、人类学、心理学、教育学等方面的定性研究,被认为是定性研究方法中最科学的方法之一,在国内社会学、人类学、心理学等领域也得到了广泛的应用。在管理学领域,国内外研究者讨论了扎根理论分析策略在管理学研究中的普适性,一些研究者也尝试将扎根理论用于管理学研究之中,但是,社会学、人类学创造的扎根理论应用于管理类访谈资料的分析整理之中,是否会受到管理学访谈研究特殊性的影响,在应用过程中是否存在变异,这些特殊性与变异是否会带来应用过程中的难点,这些难点如何解决,文献中鲜有论述。本论文从比较管理学研究领域与社会学、人类学等领域研究的异同出发,进而比较访谈在两类领域中应用的异同,从而分析扎根理论分析策略在管理类访谈中的应用与在社会学、人类学等领域访谈中应用的异同；并以“马来西亚中医医疗机构发展状况研究”为例,展示扎根理论在管理类访谈研究中的应用步骤与程序,总结分析各步骤中的难点与解决方法,为其它管理类访谈资料的分析处理提供现实可循的意见与建议。管理类研究从整体上看,其特殊性在于应用度较高、趋异性较高、偏向实用主义,在此特殊性影响下,管理类访谈与在社会学、人类学等领域的访谈相比,常常使用短期、有限次、非实地的访谈收集大量的资料,借由研究“是什么”来讨论“如何做”的问题,而创造扎根理论的社会学、人类学等领域研究中的访谈,多是民族志式的长期实地访谈,以建立理论为目的,重点研究“是什么”的问题,在此基础上再讨论“如何做”。因此,社会学、人类学领域创造的扎根理论分析策略,用于管理类访谈研究之中,必然受到管理类访谈特殊性的影响,产生一些变异,如不一定以建立理论为目的,应用时可以止于不同阶段；类别命名的抽象程度较低,将概念关联的同时,还可以将描述关联等。扎根理论在管理类访谈的实际应用过程中的难点,除了源于管理类访谈上述各层次的特殊性外,还源于扎根理论分析策略的复杂性以及定性研究软件应用的特殊性等。本论文通过研究实例展示了以上三方面带来的难点,并提出其解决方法,包括通过文献进行理论引导的抽样；回避理论外推问题,而仅讨论外推时的访谈对象与访谈提纲；用实例展示如何进行逐行编码、如何利用典范模型、如何统整为描述性故事线等,希望对其它管理类访谈中应用扎根理论有所帮助。
[Abstract]:As one of the important methods of qualitative research on management subjects, interview has been used more and more widely in China. However, the management interviews are collated and analyzed. There has been a lack of a scientific and effective method. Root theory has been widely used in foreign countries in nursing, sociology, anthropology, psychology, pedagogy and other aspects of qualitative research. It is considered to be one of the most scientific methods in qualitative research, and has been widely used in the fields of sociology, anthropology, psychology and so on. Researchers at home and abroad have discussed the universality of rooted theory analysis strategy in management research. Some researchers also try to apply rooted theory to management research. However, sociology. The rooted theory created by anthropology is applied to the analysis and collation of management interview data, whether it will be influenced by the particularity of management interview research, and whether there is any variation in the application process. Whether these particularities and variations will bring difficulties in the process of application and how to solve these difficulties are rarely discussed in the literature. This thesis starts from the similarities and differences between the field of comparative management and sociology, anthropology and other fields, and then compares the similarities and differences of the application of interview in the two kinds of fields. Thus, the similarities and differences between the application of rooted theory analysis strategy in management interviews and those in sociology, anthropology and other fields are analyzed. And take "Malaysia traditional Chinese medicine medical institution development research" as an example, demonstrates the rooted theory in the management type interview research application steps and the procedure, summarizes and analyzes each step in the difficult point and the solution. Provide practical opinions and suggestions for the analysis and processing of other management interview materials. From the overall point of view, its particularity lies in the higher degree of application, higher heterogeneity and pragmatism. Under the influence of this particularity, management interviews are compared with those in sociology, anthropology and other fields. Short-term, limited, non-field interviews are often used to gather a large amount of data to discuss "how to do" by studying "what", and to create sociology that takes root in theory. Most of the interviews in anthropology and other fields are long-term field interviews of ethnography, focusing on "what is" for the purpose of establishing theory, and then discussing "how to do" on this basis. Therefore, sociology. The rooted theoretical analysis strategy created in the field of anthropology is bound to be influenced by the particularity of the management interview, such as not necessarily for the purpose of establishing the theory. The application can stop at different stages; Category naming is less abstract, associating concepts with descriptions, and so on. The difficulties in the application of rooted theory in the practical application of management interviews are due to the particularity of the above levels of management interviews. It also stems from the complexity of the rooted theory analysis strategy and the particularity of the qualitative research software application etc. This paper shows the difficulties brought by the above three aspects and puts forward the solutions through the research examples. Including the sampling of theoretical guidance through literature; Avoid the extrapolation of theory, but only discuss the interview object and outline of the extrapolation; An example is given to show how to code line by line, how to use canonical model and how to integrate it into a descriptive story line. It is hoped that it will be helpful to the application of rooted theory in other management interviews.
【学位授予单位】：北京中医药大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：C93

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