魏晋南北朝令文研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 17:24

本文选题：魏晋南北朝 + 令文　；参考：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：公文不仅是用文字处理国家事务的工具,而且是国家使用文字处理公务的产物。我国第一部公文集是被称为"神州古籍,唯此最先"的《尚书》,内容主要是君王任命官员或赏赐诸侯时发布的政令。公文可分为上行文、平行文、下行文,其中令文是古代下行公文中一种重要的文体,而篇章完整、意思表述明确的令文最早见于《周书·王会》里《四方献令》,发展到秦汉之际令文数量增多,文学性渐突,"文章尔雅,训辞深厚",创作者为身处高位的统治者,内容也多涉及礼仪、农桑;待到魏晋南北朝之际,时局动荡,皇权地位渐趋下移,频发的战争在扩大令文使用范围的同时,也增加了令文创作者的数量。此外魏晋南北朝的文学讲究繁缛,令文的篇幅较之以往增长许多,且倾向于使用骈文手法,在具体行文中常出现四字相对、八字相对,言辞华美,音律和谐,朗朗上口。这些令文一方面具有传递信息的实用性,另一方面又具有较强的文学性。本文以文学史为出发点,对此期令文进行一定数量的统计与分类,同时兼与史学、思想史、文章学相结合,力求全面分析魏晋南北朝的令文。本文分为绪论、正文、结语三个部分。绪论首先对令文进行文体溯源,整体上把握令文的发展脉络,再介绍国内外对令文的研究现状。正文分为四章:第一章主要阐述魏晋南北朝主要令文的创作缘由、结构程式及突出的艺术特点。最初令文作为一种上对下发号命令的文体,有其自身的强制性与权威性,随着社会的发展、战争的爆发、思想的传入及混合,魏晋南北朝的令文开始发生巨大变化,选取该期既有文学性、文章学特点,又具有探究价值的四类主要令文进行详细剖析,了然令文的概况、创作方法、艺术特点,为下面对其文章学、文学特点的分析奠定基础。第二章概括魏晋南北朝令文的作者类型。令文作为下行公文的一种,其主要任务就是传达上级的命令,就其内容而言,有一定的严谨性、简洁性。历来人们便将注意力放在令文的内容分析上,很少有人探讨令文作者的形象,苏轼《答张文潜书》:"子由之文实胜仆,而世俗不知,乃以为不如,其为人深不愿人知之,其文如其人。"作品和作者之间有着一定的相似性,作者风格、文笔不同,作品自然有所差异,这也正是我们能够准确分辨出不同作者的主要原因。恰逢魏晋南北朝时期,文学处于自觉阶段,多种思想融合交杂,使得令文的文学性不断加强,感情的抒发也较为强烈,或喜或怒或悲或狂,从这些令文中可窥探出令文作者的形象,细析令文作者形象与史书记载人物形象的异同。第三章分析魏晋南北朝令文的公文特点与文章学特点。众所周知,此期诗文讲究声韵、对偶,善于运用典故来说理等,这些因素在一定程度上影响令文的创作,以文本为基础,探讨该期令文的典故运用、详略安排、情采、文气等文章学特点。第四章探究魏晋南北朝令文发展原因。纵览整个令文发展历史,唯有魏晋南北朝的令文种类繁多、数量颇丰、文学性强、文章学特点突出。究其原因在于此期公文风格转变,前朝积累的公文条件日益成熟,及文学自觉倾向的发展。魏晋南北朝共历时393年,而此间爆发的战争不计其数,特殊的社会环境也为此期令文的盛行提供了平台与条件。结语部分是对在魏晋南北朝以后令文发展的趋势与演变作以概括描绘,并对令文逐渐衰败的原因进行探讨。
[Abstract]:The document is not only dealing with the affairs of state with the writing tool, but is a national product use word processing business. China's first official document set is known as the "ancient China, only the first" book of < >, the main content is the king appointed officials or reward princes released decree. The document can be divided into the upstream this paper, in parallel, which makes the downlink, is an important style of the ancient official documents, and the text is complete, meaning that the clear expression was first seen in "Book Week Wang will offer to the Quartet > < >, to the development of the Qin and Han dynasties that the number of literature gradually." the Erya, precepts, deep artists as the top rulers, content also involve etiquette, Nongsang; until during the Wei Jin Dynasties, the turbulence of imperial status gradually downward, frequent wars in order to expand the scope of use at the same time, also increased the number of creators. In addition to the The Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties literature about overelaborated, make the space than the previous growth in many, and tend to use parallel techniques, in the specific wording often appear four words, eight relative words, beauty, harmony, catchy. Practical information to the article on the one hand, on the other hand it has literature strong. The history of literature as a starting point, this paper makes statistics and classification stage a number, and the history of thought and history, the combination of law, and to a comprehensive analysis of Wei and Jin Dynasties to the text. This paper is divided into preface, text, conclusion of three parts. The first style to make the whole traceability, grasping the development of the paper, and then introduced the domestic and foreign research status of the text. The text is divided into four chapters: the first chapter mainly elaborates the Weijin text creation main reason, structure equations and outstanding artistic features This paper initially made. As a kind of under the command of the style, has its own mandatory and authority, with the development of society, the outbreak of the war, the spread and mixed thoughts, make the Wei and Jin Dynasties began to change, from the period of existing literature, the characteristics of the chapter. It has four kinds of research value mainly makes the detailed analysis, this paper makes clear the general situation, creation method, artistic features, for the following of the article, lay the foundation for analysis of literary features. The second chapter is a summary of the author of the Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties. The type of order as a kind of official documents, the main the task is to convey orders, in terms of its content, there are some rigor, simplicity. People will always focus on the content analysis on the article, very few people to investigate the author's image, a Book of Zhang Wenqian Su Shi ":" the victory by servants, and I think it is better, the secular, the people do not want people to know the deep, "are similar. The writing mirrors the writer., the works and the author style, different style, different works of nature, which is the main reason we can accurately distinguish different authors. Coincides with the Wei and Jin Dynasties literature the conscious stage, many thought fusion mixed, so the paper makes literature unceasingly, emotional expression is more intense, or joy or anger or sad or mad, from these to the authors that can pry out the image of the image of the author makes detailed analysis of similarities and differences between the characters and historical records. Third the analysis of characteristics and make the document of Wei Jin and the northern and the characteristics. In this period, pay attention to poetry as everyone knows, rhyme, antithesis, good use of allusions of science, these factors make the creation to a certain extent, based on text, explore the This paper makes use of allusion period, detail arrangement, beauty, features of writing articles. The fourth chapter explores the development of the Wei and Jin Dynasties. This paper makes overview of the development history, only the Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties make the variety, a large quantity of literature, the characteristics of strong, prominent. The reason lies in the transformation of the former official document style, accumulation conditions become more mature, and the consciousness of literature development tendency. The Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties lasted 393 years, and the outbreak of the war too many to count the special social environment, this paper makes the prevailing period provides a platform and conditions. The conclusion part is to summarize and description of the trend in evolution after that the development of Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the reasons for the decline are discussed.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C931.46

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