基于形状记忆合金的高耸化工塔设备振动被动控制的研究

发布时间：2018-01-28 21:52

本文关键词： 高耸化工塔形状记忆合金振动控制 Newmark积分法 MATLAB　出处：《青岛科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：塔设备是石油化工行业中一种重要的设备，化工塔的外形往往呈高柔状态，工作场所往往是空旷的野外地区，受到的外载荷除了自身的重力等静载荷作用外，在遇到强风和地震还会发生动力破坏。所以，在进行化工塔设计完正式安装之前需要进行动力计算。本文以一种高耸的蒸馏塔为研究背景，基于对形状记忆合金（Shape Memory Alloy,简称SMA）优良的耗能减振性能的研究，，设计一种适合于高耸化工塔的振动控制方案，建立SMA控制的高耸化工塔的动力学模型，分析将SMA施加到化工塔上的减振效果，以期获得对实际工程具有参考价值的计算结果。本文的主要工作如下：（1）第1章综述了高耸结构的振动控制研究现状，举例高耸结构振动控制方法，比较传统振动控制方法和新型振动控制方法的不同，通过比较发现新型振动控制方法具有较好的工程适用性；介绍了SMA的工程振动控制的研究现状，通过分析形状记忆合金常用的振动控制手段为本文控制方案提供参考依据。（2）第2章详细介绍了形状记忆合金的基本力学性能，包括超弹性效应、形状记忆效应等。分析了描述形状记忆合金常用的本构模型，对Brinson模型进行了数值计算，结果表明该模型与实验数据的拟合度较高，适用于后面的数值分析。（3）第3章设计了一种高耸化工塔的SMA控制方案，采用了一种拉索结构对高耸化工塔进行振动控制，将SMA拉索加到化工塔的顶端，使之能够随化工塔一起发生变形，从而利用形状记忆合金的超弹性特性实现吸能减振的效果。（4）第4章在第3章设计方案的基础上分析控制装置的减振效果，建立了该控制系统的动力方程，运用newmark积分法对该动力方程进行计算，并用MATLAB软件编写程序对该动力方程进行了数值模拟，首先分析了SMA拉索作用下化工塔的自由振动和谐响应结果，然后将拉索用普通材料替代后比较两种拉索的自由振动和谐响应结果。
[Abstract]:Tower equipment is an important equipment in the petrochemical industry, the shape of the chemical tower is often in a flexible state, the work place is often open field, the external load is not only its own gravity and other static loads. Dynamic failure will occur in strong wind and earthquake. Therefore, dynamic calculation should be carried out before the design and installation of chemical tower is completed. This paper takes a kind of high distillation column as the research background. Based on the study of the excellent energy dissipation and vibration absorption performance of shape Memory alloy (SMAs), a vibration control scheme suitable for the tall chemical tower was designed. The dynamic model of the towering chemical tower controlled by SMA is established, and the vibration absorption effect of SMA applied to the tower is analyzed. The main work of this paper is as follows: In chapter 1, the research status of vibration control of high-rise structures is summarized, and the difference between traditional vibration control methods and new vibration control methods is compared. Through comparison, it is found that the new vibration control method has better engineering applicability. This paper introduces the research status of engineering vibration control of SMA, and provides the reference for the control scheme by analyzing the vibration control methods commonly used in shape memory alloy. In chapter 2, the basic mechanical properties of shape memory alloy are introduced in detail, including hyperelastic effect, shape memory effect and so on. The constitutive models used to describe shape memory alloy are analyzed. The Brinson model is numerically calculated, and the results show that the model has a good fit with the experimental data and is suitable for the subsequent numerical analysis. In chapter 3, a SMA control scheme of the towering chemical tower is designed. A kind of cable structure is used to control the vibration of the tower, and the SMA cable is added to the top of the tower. It can be deformed along with the chemical tower, so that the hyperelastic properties of shape memory alloy can be used to achieve the effect of energy absorption and vibration reduction. Chapter 4 analyzes the vibration absorption effect of the control device on the basis of the design scheme in chapter 3, establishes the dynamic equation of the control system, and calculates the dynamic equation by using the newmark integral method. The numerical simulation of the dynamic equation is carried out with MATLAB software. Firstly, the harmonious response results of the chemical tower under the action of SMA cables are analyzed. Then, the free vibration and harmonic response of the two cables are compared after the cable is replaced by ordinary material.
【学位授予单位】：青岛科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TG139.6;TB535

【参考文献】