考虑设备性能的车间能耗优化方法及应用研究

发布时间：2018-01-29 08:28

本文关键词： 设备性能在线监测能耗优化 GA NSGA-II　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：能源作为当今世界最热门的主题之一，已经受到各个国家乃至国际组织的重视。如何减低能源消耗并提高能源的利用率已经成为目前生产制造企业面临的重点，，同时也是难点之一。另一方面，在生产制造系统中，设备的性能不仅影响到生产加工的质量，而且对车间的能源消耗有着至关重要的影响。因此，本文对考虑设备性能的车间能耗优化方法的研究对指导实际生产企业进行车间能效管理具有重要意义。以一台Haas VF-2数控加工中心作为实验对象，通过对能直接反应设备加工性能的刀具的磨损过程的研究来分析设备性能变化的过程，选取了PVC涂层刀具切削45号钢的加工过程，设计了实验的具体方案；从硬件系统和软件两个方面，对加工过程数据采集系统进行了设计和开发，实现对刀具磨损实验过程中机床主轴振动以及功率数据进行实时的采集、显示和存储；设计了正交试验进行刀具磨损试切实验，实验结果验证了数据采集系统的可行性，同时为加工参数和实验流程的确定提供了支撑。给出了刀具磨损量测量的实验方案，并分析了刀具磨损的测量结果，同时对刀具磨损过程中采集到的主轴X轴方向和Y轴方向振动以及机床的功率信号进行了分析，采用曲线拟合法对振动-磨损的具体函数关系进行了分析，提出了基于振动信号的设备性能在线监测方法，并通过实验结果验证了该方法的可行性及有效性；通过分析加工功率随时间的变化，建立了设备性能衰退过程中的加工功率-时间模型。在对实际作业车间调度问题进行分析和描述的基础上，建立了调度时间模型；通过将能耗分成加工能耗、调整能耗、运输能耗、等待能耗和公共能耗五个部分，对车间能耗模型进行了建立；提出了通过采用基于加权的GA和NSGA-II对车间优化调度问题进行求解，并对编码、解码以及遗传操作过程进行了详细地介绍。这两种算法适用于不同的实际情况，满足了不同企业对车间能耗优化的不同需求。选取哈市某刀具生产作业车间作为应用背景，对作业车间模型的参数进行详细地设定，在此基础上分别采用基于加权的GA和NSGA-II对所研究的作业车间进行考虑设备性能的车间能耗优化，优化结果表明，基于加权的GA可以通过调节权重对优化目标的侧重点进行控制；而NSGA-II可以得到多组的可行优解供管理者直接选取合适的方案。最后，通过对能耗优化过程中五部分能耗的变化规律分析表明，考虑随着设备性能的变化设备加工功率随时间变化的情况下，对车间能耗进行优化更符合实际生产过程的能耗变化，因此优化结果更具有实际应用价值。本文以数据采集系统的搭建为基础，提出了基于振动信号的设备性能在线监测方法，并应用该方法实现了设备性能衰退过程中的加工功率-时间模型的建立，将该模型结合到车间能耗模型中，提出了考虑设备性能的车间能耗优化方法，对实际制造生产系统进行能效管理具有十分重要的实际应用价值和指导意义。
[Abstract]:As one of the most popular themes in today ' s world , energy has been paid more and more attention by various countries and even international organizations . How to reduce energy consumption and improve the utilization of energy has become the focus of current production and manufacturing enterprises , and it is one of the difficulties . On the other hand , in the production and manufacturing system , the performance of the equipment not only affects the quality of the production process , but also has a vital influence on the energy consumption of the workshop . Therefore , the research on the workshop energy consumption optimization method considering the equipment performance is of great significance to guide the actual production enterprises to carry out the workshop energy efficiency management . Based on the research of the wear process of cutting tool with direct reaction equipment as an experimental object , the machining process of cutting 45 steel with direct reaction equipment was studied . The design and development of machining process data acquisition system were designed and developed from two aspects of hardware system and software . The experiment of tool wear test was carried out on the basis of hardware system and software . The experimental results validate the feasibility of data acquisition system , and also provide support for the determination of machining parameters and experimental procedures . In this paper , the experimental scheme of tool wear measurement is presented , and the results of tool wear are analyzed . The relationship between the X - axis direction and the Y - axis direction and the power signal of the machine tool are analyzed . The method of online monitoring of vibration - wear based on the curve fitting method is presented , and the feasibility and effectiveness of the method are verified by the experimental results . The machining power - time model in the process of the device performance degradation is established by analyzing the change of the machining power over time . Based on the analysis and description of the actual job shop scheduling problem , the scheduling time model is established . The workshop energy consumption model is established by dividing the energy consumption into five parts of processing energy consumption , adjusting energy consumption , transportation energy consumption , waiting for energy consumption and public energy consumption . In this paper , based on weighted GA and NSGA - II , based on weighted GA and NSGA - II , the optimization goal should be controlled directly . Based on the building of data acquisition system , this paper presents an on - line monitoring method of equipment performance based on vibration signal , and the method is applied to build up the processing power - time model in the process of equipment performance degradation . The model is combined into the workshop energy consumption model , and the workshop energy consumption optimization method considering the equipment performance is put forward , and the practical application value and guiding significance for energy efficiency management of the actual manufacturing production system are put forward .

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB493

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