森林大火对冻土环境影响的研究进展

发布时间：2018-02-04 12:09

本文关键词： 森林大火冻土退化北方森林活动层碳库　出处：《冰川冻土》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：森林大火是森林生态系统最主要的干扰因素之一,不仅影响着森林生态系统内部的营养物质循环、水分和能量流动、土壤理化性质的变化,而且对冻土环境和冷生土壤和土壤碳库、碳氮循环等生物地球化学过程有着重要影响。随着气候变暖和人为活动不断增强,北方林区火灾日益频繁,对冻土的水热影响显著:活动层加深、薄层冻土退化、浅层有机碳大量快速释放、森林和湿地的逆向演替,导致热融沉陷、滑塌、泥石流等现象发生。通过综述国内外森林大火对冻土环境影响的研究进展,分析指出目前森林大火对冻土环境影响的研究主要集中在火烧之后短时间、小范围的定性描述与推断,缺乏长时间、大范围的定量分析。尤其是在大兴安岭地区,除了20世纪90年代初期的少量研究外,此后这方面研究虽有零星报道,但缺乏长期和系统的观测与模型研究,所以森林大火对冻土环境的研究,可以利用空间代替时间的方法,通过长、短期的野外观测和数值模拟相结合,定量研究森林大火之后,多年冻土的水热状态、过程和变化机制,可以为寒区林区、湿地保护、生态环境修复提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:Forest fire is one of the most important disturbance factors in forest ecosystem, which not only affects the nutrient circulation, water and energy flow, but also the change of soil physical and chemical properties. Moreover, it has an important influence on the frozen soil environment, cold soil and soil carbon pool, carbon and nitrogen cycle and other biogeochemical processes. With the increasing of climate warming and human activities, fires in northern forest area become more and more frequent. The hydrothermal effect on frozen soil is significant: the active layer deepens, the thin layer of frozen soil degenerates, the shallow organic carbon is released rapidly, and the reverse succession of forest and wetland results in thermal thawing subsidence and collapse. Through summarizing the research progress of forest fire on permafrost environment at home and abroad, it is pointed out that the current research on forest fire impact on frozen soil environment is mainly focused on the short time after fire. Small scale qualitative description and inference, lack of long time, large-scale quantitative analysis, especially in the Daxing'an Mountains, except for a small amount of research in the beginning of 1990s. Since then, although there have been sporadic reports, but lack of long-term and systematic observation and model research, forest fires on the frozen soil environment research, can use space instead of time, through the long. Combined with short-term field observation and numerical simulation, this paper quantitatively studies the water and heat state, process and change mechanism of permafrost after forest fire, which can be used to protect forests and wetlands in cold regions. Ecological environment restoration provides scientific basis.
【作者单位】：中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冻土工程国家重点实验室;中国科学院大学;哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41401081) 冻土工程国家重点实验室自主研究项目(SKLFSE-ZT-20;SKLFSE-ZT-41;SKLFSE-ZT-12)资助
【分类号】：P642.14;S762
【正文快照】： 3.哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150090)0引言火灾作为森林生态系统重要自然干扰因子之一,已经对森林资源、全球气候变化和生态演替产生了巨大影响[1]。由于全球变暖和人类活动的增加,火灾频率大大增强[2],特别是重大火灾给森林、环境和人类本身造成严重危害和巨大

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