基于产品制造难度系数的工时定额制定方法研究

发布时间：2018-02-10 10:19

本文关键词： 现代制造环境工时定额相似性产品制造难度系数群决策理论　出处：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济全球化和科学技术的快速发展，企业竞争不断加剧，加之客户受教育程度的提高，使得客户需求由以产品质量和价格为中心向个性化外观和多样化功能转变。因此，，现代制造环境发生了巨大变化。面对新的生产环境，企业要发展就必须降低生产成本、提高生产率。然而由于没有准确工时所造成的产品生产周期过长、人工成本过高、无法确定交货期等问题，无形中降低了企业的竞争力。为此，企业需要制定准确的工时来规范其生产、经营和管理，提高对市场的反应能力。传统时间定额方法在大规模生产产品类型单一、工作重复性高的环境下实用性强、精度性高。然而，现代生产环境生产订单随机、产品种类繁多、工作重复性低、生产柔性大的特点决定了传统工时的确定方法已不能满足企业和客户对工时制定的高效率和高精度的要求。因此，如何低成本、高效率地确定产品工时成为一个亟待解决的问题。本文根据现代制造环境的特点，在企业产品工时数据库的基础上，提出了以产品制造难度系数为研究对象的工时定额制定新方法。该方法遵循由整体到局部、由宏观到微观的思想，以产品制造难度系数为准则，运用相似性科学和群决策理论，提高工时制定的效率和准确性。首先，通过分析现代制造环境的特点和对工时定额的要求，提出了基于产品制造难度系数的工时制定新方法；其次，为保证工时制定的效率，较少重复劳动，构建产品相似性度量模型，该相似性判定着眼于产品的两个方面：产品要素数量和要素特征；第三，定义了产品制造难度系数的概念，并给出了计算模型，在相似产品层面考虑产品自身特性对工时定额的影响，增加工时的准确性；第四，构建产品制造难度系数和工时定额的关系模型，运用最小二乘法进行参数估计，引入t值法检验模型的准确性；最后，通过案例阐述新方法的具体操作过程。
[Abstract]:With the globalization of economy and the rapid development of science and technology, the competition of enterprises is becoming more and more serious, together with the improvement of customer's education level, which makes the customer's demand change from focusing on product quality and price to individualized appearance and diversified function. Great changes have taken place in the modern manufacturing environment. In the face of the new production environment, enterprises must reduce production costs and increase productivity if they want to develop. However, the production cycle of products without accurate working hours is too long and the labor costs are too high. Problems such as the inability to determine the due date have virtually reduced the competitiveness of the enterprise. To this end, the enterprise needs to establish accurate working hours to regulate its production, operation and management. The traditional time quota method has strong practicability and high precision in the environment of single product type and high work repeatability. However, the production order is random in modern production environment, and there are many kinds of products. The characteristics of low repeatability and high flexibility in production determine that the traditional method of determining working hours can no longer meet the requirements of enterprises and customers for high efficiency and precision in working hours. Therefore, how to reduce the cost, It is an urgent problem to determine the working hours of products efficiently. According to the characteristics of modern manufacturing environment and on the basis of enterprise product man-hour database, this paper presents a new method of making man-hour quota based on manufacturing difficulty coefficient. The idea from macro to micro, taking the difficulty coefficient of product manufacturing as the criterion, using similarity science and group decision theory, improves the efficiency and accuracy of man-hour making. First, by analyzing the characteristics of modern manufacturing environment and the requirement of man-hour quota, A new method of making man-hour based on manufacturing difficulty coefficient is proposed. Secondly, in order to ensure the efficiency of man-hour formulation and reduce repeated work, a product similarity measurement model is constructed. The similarity judgment focuses on two aspects of the product: the number of product elements and the characteristics of the elements. Thirdly, the concept of manufacturing difficulty coefficient is defined, and the calculation model is given. In the similar product level, considering the influence of product's own characteristics on man-hour quota, increasing the accuracy of man-hour; 4th, constructing the relationship model of manufacturing difficulty coefficient and man-hour quota, using the least square method to estimate the parameters, T value method is introduced to verify the veracity of the model. Finally, the concrete operation process of the new method is explained by a case study.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB497

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