高压水射流清洗的仿真研究及实验验证

发布时间：2018-02-26 22:47

本文关键词： 高压水射流清洗靶面距离曲面响应法回归方程静力学分析　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：由于高压水射流清洗具有去污能力强，效率高，成本低，便于机械控制等特点，高压水射流常用于清洗管道和贮箱。本课题针对我国长征运载火箭贮箱内部的多余物清洗，对高压水射流原理进行研究并进行相应的实验验证。依据高压水射流清洗方法的优点，可应用于大型罐体内壁的清洗。本文对高压水射流中水流的压力和速度分布，喷射过程中靶面距离的选择，喷嘴参数的设计和打击到靶面应力应变的分布规律进行仿真研究及实验验证。高压水射流清洗的仿真研究对促进我国运载火箭的多余物去除具有重要的意义。首先，本文以高压水射流清洗为研究对象，根据流体力学理论分析了水射流喷射过程中流体的动态特性，包括压力和速度等，为后续的研究奠定了基础。其次，建立了高压水射流清洗喷射的有限元仿真模型。研究了发现靶面距离对高压水射流的影响机制。获得不同靶面距离下，，靶面上压力和速度分布规律。此外，根据靶面的压力和速度分布规律，计算高压水射流有效打击力的面积。获得了喷嘴在不同倾斜角度下喷射时，靶面上速度和压力的分布规律。然后，建立了高压水射流清洗喷射中喷嘴的有限元仿真模型。研究喷嘴内部水射流的流动状态，即速度和压力的分布规律。解释了喷嘴中的空化现象产生的原因和造成的影响。采用响应曲面法对仿真数据进行处理，拟合两个二次回归方程，对所得到的回归方程进行检验，证实方程的准确性。最后，建立了高压水射流清洗机构的有限元仿真模型。通过对机构进行静力学有限元仿真分析，获得机构的变形量和应力应变的分布规律。保证高压水射流机构受力平衡，以变形量最小条件为标准，选取喷嘴的安装方式，并计算水射流机构变形量和内部应力应变的大小。在泵的压力提高情况下，研究水射流机构的最大变形量，计算机构承受清洗的最大压力值。通过高压水射流喷射有限元模型的仿真结果，得到高压水射流的压力分布曲线和高压水射流的压力分布方程，对靶面进行仿真，获得靶面的最大变形量。
[Abstract]:Since high pressure water jet cleaning has the characteristics of strong decontamination ability, high efficiency, low cost and convenient for mechanical control, high pressure water jet is often used to clean pipes and storage tanks. The principle of high pressure water jet is studied and the corresponding experimental verification is carried out. According to the advantages of high pressure water jet cleaning method, it can be used to clean the inner wall of large tank. The pressure and velocity distribution of water flow in high pressure water jet are studied in this paper. How to choose the distance between the targets in the process of injection, The design of nozzle parameters and the distribution of stress and strain on the target surface are simulated and verified by experiments. The simulation study of high pressure water jet cleaning is of great significance to promote the removal of excess material of launch vehicle in China. Firstly, in this paper, high pressure water jet cleaning is taken as the research object, and the fluid dynamic characteristics, including pressure and velocity, are analyzed according to the theory of hydrodynamics, which lays a foundation for further research. Secondly, the finite element simulation model of high pressure water jet cleaning injection is established. The influence mechanism of target distance on high pressure water jet is studied. The distribution of pressure and velocity on target surface under different target distance is obtained. According to the pressure and velocity distribution of the target surface, the area of the effective impact force of the high pressure water jet is calculated, and the distribution of velocity and pressure on the target surface is obtained when the nozzle is ejected at different inclined angles. Then, the finite element simulation model of the nozzle in the high pressure water jet cleaning injection is established, and the flow state of the water jet inside the nozzle is studied. That is, the distribution of velocity and pressure. The causes and effects of cavitation in the nozzle are explained. The simulation data are processed by using the response surface method, and the two quadratic regression equations are fitted, and the obtained regression equations are tested. Verify the accuracy of the equation. Finally, the finite element simulation model of the high pressure water jet cleaning mechanism is established. Through the static finite element simulation analysis of the mechanism, the distribution law of the deformation and stress strain of the mechanism is obtained, and the force balance of the high pressure water jet mechanism is ensured. With the minimum deformation condition as the standard, the installation mode of the nozzle is selected, and the amount of deformation and the internal stress and strain of the water jet mechanism are calculated. The maximum deformation of the water jet mechanism is studied under the condition of increasing the pump pressure. The pressure distribution curve of high pressure water jet and the pressure distribution equation of high pressure water jet are obtained through the simulation results of the finite element model of high pressure water jet injection, and the target surface is simulated. The maximum deformation of the target surface is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB490

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