关节软骨缺损修复整合的有限元仿真及其力学实验

发布时间：2018-03-02 18:43

本文选题：关节软骨缺损　切入点：结合面　出处：《天津理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：关节软骨缺损已经成为临床上较为常见的疾病,有较高的发病率,不及时治疗可能会使缺损继续扩大,最后导致骨关节炎症,关节不能运动,甚至残疾,给患者带来极大的痛苦。由于软骨组织工程能够提高软骨植入修复质量并能保持较长的修复效果,成为了临床医学的研究热点。然而,若是植入的组织工程软骨没有整合或者部分整合到宿主软骨,这将改变膝关节的生物力学环境,导致修复区域的力学状态出现问题,可能直接损伤细胞或影响软骨细胞基质的正常生成,阻碍软骨缺陷部位的再生,最后导致移植失败。所以研究缺损软骨修复过程中整合区域的力学环境并确定适宜整合的人工软骨是非常重要的。本文有限元模拟部分建立ABAQUS的固液相的二维有限元模型,包括软骨的多孔及黏弹性特征、不同层区的不同材料属性等。由模拟结果对比分析不同材料属性的人工软骨、不同压缩量以及有无整合对修复区域力学状态的影响。实验部分制作了缺损软骨和人造人工软骨,并放置在力学试验机上进行压缩加载实验,通过CCD相机捕捉图像并分析数据,研究有无整合和压缩量对于修复区域应变分布的影响。由结果显示结合面有整合对比无整合有较好的力学环境。在无整合时结合面出现了开裂,结合面两侧会产生相对滑移,孔隙压力略高,开裂处出现流速过快等现象。且表层的相对滑移最大,宿主软骨在和人工软骨结合的区域发生了应力集中。人工软骨弹性模量过高或者过低都不适合移植,与宿主软骨中层相近时拥有较好的力学性能。压缩量的增加对结合面的影响最大,加剧了结合面的应力集中和开裂等现象,也不利于营养物质的相互传送。临床治疗中尽量选择与宿主软骨相近性能的人工软骨进行移植修复,并且在移植后避免做过于剧烈的运动。由于软骨缺损修复的过程中修复区域的力学状态将影响修复结果,结合面整合状态的力学状态差异较大,临床修复应关注此方面问题。
[Abstract]:Articular cartilage defect has become a common disease in clinic, and has a high incidence. If not treated in time, the defect may continue to expand, resulting in inflammation of bone and joint, joint immobility, or even disability. Because cartilage tissue engineering can improve the quality of cartilage implantation and maintain a long repair effect, it has become a hot spot in clinical medicine. If the implanted tissue engineered cartilage is not integrated or partially integrated into the host cartilage, it will change the biomechanical environment of the knee joint and cause problems in the mechanical state of the repaired area. It may directly damage the cells or affect the normal formation of chondrocyte matrix, and hinder the regeneration of cartilage defects. So it is very important to study the mechanical environment of the integrated region and determine the suitable artificial cartilage during the repair of defect cartilage. The finite element simulation part of this paper establishes the two-dimensional finite element model of solid and liquid phase of ABAQUS. Including the porous and viscoelastic characteristics of cartilage, different material properties of different layers, and so on. The effect of different compression and integration on the mechanical state of the repaired region. In the experimental part, the defective cartilage and artificial artificial cartilage were made and placed on a mechanical testing machine for compression and loading experiments. The images were captured and the data were analyzed by CCD camera. The effect of consolidation and compression on the strain distribution in the repaired region is studied. The results show that there is a better mechanical environment for the bond surface to be integrated than for the unconformity. When there is no conformity, the joint surface cracks, and the two sides of the bonding surface will produce relative slippage. The pore pressure is slightly higher, the flow velocity is too fast at the crack, and the relative slip of the surface layer is the largest, and the stress concentration occurs in the area where the host cartilage binds to the artificial cartilage. Too high or too low elastic modulus of artificial cartilage is not suitable for transplantation. When it is close to the middle layer of the host cartilage, it has better mechanical properties. The increase of compression has the greatest effect on the bonding surface, which exacerbates the stress concentration and cracking of the bonding surface. It is also not conducive to the transfer of nutrients. In clinical treatment, artificial cartilage with similar properties to the host cartilage is selected for transplantation and repair. Because the mechanical state of the repair area will affect the repair result, the mechanical state of the conjunctive plane integration state is quite different, the clinical repair should pay attention to this problem.
【学位授予单位】：天津理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB115;R681.3

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