服务设计概念衍生阶段的反思型设计

发布时间：2018-03-10 19:40

本文选题：服务设计　切入点：反思型实践　出处：《湖南大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文选题源于七年来的设计教学和设计项目实践,针对两个基本研究问题：第一,服务设计概念衍生阶段设计师基本的设计活动规律。第二,服务设计概念衍生的思维模式、设计策略与驱动类型等。属于设计行为学(praxiology)-研究设计实践和设计过程的研究范畴。对概念衍生阶段的设计师思维认知和创新活动的“解密”具有重要的理论和实践指导意义。针对论文研究问题及设计领域具有“未明确定义问题”的基本属性和设计活动中“设计问题与解决方案协同进化”的特征,采用现象学建构主义中舍恩的反思型实践作为研究的理论基础。并结合《服务设计与商业模式》课程、《摩托罗拉创新服务联合设计工作坊》、《诺基亚联合课程项目及相关工作坊》、《诺基亚移动教育服务设计工作坊》等实践案例,采用文献研究、口语分析、词语分析法、认知地图、心智图、扎根理论中的开放编码、分析性归纳和自由列表等方法展开研究。研究的基本内容包括：首先以“反思型实践”理论为学术背景,界定了本文研究的概念、范围、范式方法论的选择和关键问题。综述了设计活动、设计思维、设计师式认知、新手和专家等研究文献、选题背景及意义。接着通过对舍恩反思型实践的框架进行介绍,并结合设计活动的文献研究成果,在多斯特(Kees Dorst)框定(frame)设计问题为单元核心的编码系统、芬克等设计活动编码的基础上,采用口语分析法对以小组构思为基本单元的概念衍生活动进行了编码分析。输出了服务设计概念衍生反思型活动的基本规律和区分类型。然后通过对实验中每组概念衍生的线性过程,经由“发散-收敛”的设计活动基本特征,利用认知地图、心智图等方法提炼出七种概念衍生思维模式,并依循扎根理论中开放编码的原则对设计活动进行多层截面解析,抽取出概念衍生的设计策略及驱动类型。随后归纳了反思型实践中从新手到专家不同级别的设计师在分析和处理设计问题、设计启发式、设计策略、设计知识等方面的异同。并通过词语分析法中正向和并发关系计量分析,获取了设计师在小组合作中的小组同质化特征以及各级别对象在概念衍生中互动机制上的区别。最后对五个层级概念衍生反思型活动特征进行了归纳并提出了小组构思的概念衍生反思型活动研究方法。研究的主要创新成果包括：第一,通过对概念衍生反思型活动定性和定量的综合分析,分别从概念衍生反思型活动类、概念衍生反思型活动思维模式、设计策略、驱动类型和互动机制等方面归纳了五个层级的服务设计概念衍生活动特征。系统提炼了三类不同的概念衍生反思型活动类及互动机制；将服务设计概念衍生阶段的思维模式归纳为培养皿型、裂变型、漏斗型等七种；并提出了以寻求需求为重心的设计、以服务内容为重心的设计等四种设计策略；溯源了两种服务设计概念衍生阶段的驱动类型。第二,在概念衍生活动实验组织和口语分析系统编码原则上的创新和探索反思。小组合作的组织形式有效规避了口语分析法中常见的因思维内隐或专家经验化而捕捉失效的弊端。对部分实验编码系统实行开放编码原则,对保持编码系统和结果类型的自然生成提供了基础条件。这种开放性、不穷尽的原则对于设计活动实验研究具有指导意义。第三,系统分析了概念衍生反思型活动中设计师行为和认知层面的特征,提出了概念衍生反思型活动中活动类、思维模式、设计策略、驱动类型和互动机制这些特征要素,并最终提出了基于小组构思的概念衍生反思型活动研究方法。分别从服务设计师概念衍生活动行为层面和具体概念的线性衍生过程层面来解析反思型设计活动的特征本质。
[Abstract]:The topic of this paper originates from seven years of teaching design and project practice, aiming at the two fundamental research questions: first, service design concept derived design activities. The second basic rules stage designer, service design concept thinking mode, design strategy and drive type etc. belong to the design behavior (praxiology) - research category design and practice of the design process. The concept of derivative stage designers cognitive thinking and innovation "decryption" has important theoretical and practical significance.
According to the research and design field are not clearly defined "the basic attributes and design activities in the design problems and solutions of co evolution" feature, using the phenomenological construction of reflective practice in Schoen's theory as the theoretical foundation. And combined with the design of business model and service < > curriculum, "Motorola Innovation Service design workshop >, < NOKIA joint curriculum project and related workshop >, < the design work of NOKIA mobile education service workshop > practical case, using literature research, analysis of spoken words, analysis, cognitive map, mind map, rooted in the theory of open encoding, analysis of induction and free list method study.
The basic content of the research includes: first, to "reflective practice" theory as the academic background, definition, research scope, selection and key issues of methodological paradigm. Summarizes the design thinking, design activities, type designer cognition, novice and expert on literature, background and meaning. Then through the frame the Schoen reflective practice were introduced, and combined with the research of design activities, in Dost (Kees Dorst) frame (frame) encoding system design problems as the core unit, based on the Fink design activities of the concept of encoding, in the group concept as the basic unit of the derivative activities were analyzed by oral encoding the basic law of output analysis. The service design concept of reflective activities and distinguish types. Then based on the concept of the linear process each derived, through the "divergence convergence" The basic characteristics of the design activities, the use of cognitive map, mind map and other methods refined seven kinds of concept thinking mode, and follow the design activity of multi section analysis of grounded theory in open encoding principle and driver design strategy to extract concept derived types. Then summarizes the designers from novice to expert levels of reflection type of practice in the analysis and processing of design issues, design heuristics, design strategy, design and other aspects of the similarities and differences of knowledge. And the analysis of the forward and concurrent relation measurement method in the analysis by the words, the designer team homogenization characteristics during group work and the level of interaction difference mechanism in concept. At the end of the the five levels of the concept of derived features of reflective activities were summarized and put forward the concept of team concept derived reflective activities research methods.
The main innovative results of the study include: first, through the comprehensive analysis of derived qualitative and quantitative reflective activities on the concept of reflective activities respectively derived from the concept of derivative concept, mode of thinking, reflective activities design strategy, drive type and interaction mechanism were summarized, the design concept of five levels of service system of derivative activities characteristics. Abstract three different concepts of reflective activity derivative and interaction mechanism; service design concept derived phase thinking mode into a Petri dish type, fission type, funnel type seven; and put forward to find the demand as the focus of the design, the service as the focus of the design four design strategies; drive source two service design concept derived phase type.
In second, the concept of derivative activities and oral tissues of experimental analysis of innovation and Exploration on system encoding principle. The group cooperation organization to effectively circumvent the disadvantages of oral analysis method in common with implicit thinking or expert experience and capture the failure on the part of experimental system of open encoding encoding principle, to maintain the encoding system and the results provide basic conditions of natural generation type. This openness, endless principle is of great significance for the study of design activities.
Third, the system analysis of the concept of derived features of behavioral and cognitive level designer reflective activities, put forward the concept of derivative activities reflective activities, mode of thinking, design strategy, drive type and interaction mechanism of these factors, and finally puts forward the reflective activities derivative concept study group based on the essential feature of linear conception. Activity level and specific concepts derived from the concept of service designers derived levels to analysis the reflective design activities respectively.

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB47

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