便携式三维声纳实时成像系统硬件设计

发布时间：2018-03-11 02:13

  本文选题：三维声纳　切入点：分级波束形成　出处：《浙江大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：利用三维声纳成像技术可以在水下探测静止或运动目标的细节特征,并提供多视角观察,在多个领域都具备广泛的应用前景。目前的三维声纳实时成像装置主要采用平面阵来完成声纳扫描,此类设备通常结构复杂,体积庞大,只能被安装在船体或拖体上工作,常用于远距离高精度的声纳探测。本文研究开发的水下便携式三维声纳实时成像系统采用线阵技术完成三维声纳探测,显著简化了系统结构,设备更加轻便,可以胜任精确探测复杂水下环境和水下灵活作业的任务,在水文调查、海岸河岸堤坝检查、水下工程建设等应用领域具有明显优势。便携式三维声纳实时成像系统以相互垂直的发射和接收线阵通过不同频率的声脉冲信号透射观察体积。系统采用多板层叠的结构,根据功能划分出信号处理板、声纳回波接收板、电源板和基板等部分。系统利用现场可编程逻辑门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA)控制多路信号的同步发射和采样。声纳回波接收板优化了波束形成算法,采用分级运算方式大幅提高声纳信号处理速度。信号处理板采用基于低功耗的数字媒体处理器实时完成三维成像和显示,通过千兆以太网将成像数据传输到上位机。实验结果表明,系统能够实时探测并准确显示水下环境,距离分辨率达到3cm,可在40m范围内实现角度分辨率1.20的三维成像,具有较高的工程实用价值。
[Abstract]:Three-dimensional sonar imaging can be used to detect the detailed features of a stationary or moving target under water and to provide multiple perspectives. At present, 3D sonar real-time imaging device mainly uses plane array to complete sonar scanning. This kind of equipment is usually complicated and bulky, and can only be installed on the hull or towing body. The underwater portable 3D sonar real-time imaging system developed in this paper uses linear array technology to complete 3D sonar detection, which greatly simplifies the system structure and makes the equipment more portable. Capable of accurately detecting complex underwater environments and flexible underwater operations, in hydrological surveys, coastal bank embankments inspections, The application field of underwater engineering construction has obvious advantages. The portable 3D sonar real-time imaging system uses a vertical transmission and reception line array to observe the volume of the acoustic pulse signal with different frequencies. The system adopts a multi-plate stacked structure. According to the function, the signal processing board, the sonar echo receiving board, The system uses Field Programmable Gate array (FPGA) to control the synchronous transmission and sampling of multi-channel signals. The sonar echo receiving board optimizes the beamforming algorithm. The speed of sonar signal processing is greatly improved by means of hierarchical operation. The signal processing board uses a low power consumption digital media processor to complete 3D imaging and display in real time. The experimental results show that the system can detect and accurately display the underwater environment in real time, the range resolution is 3 cm, and the 3D imaging of angle resolution 1.20 can be realized in the range of 40 m. It has high engineering practical value.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB565
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本文编号：1596119