基于磁性液体二阶浮力原理的阻尼减振器理论及实验研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 17:53

本文选题：磁性液体　切入点：黏性耗能　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：太空在轨运行的航天器上的长直部件会由于种种因素的影响而存在低频率小振幅的振动,这些振动将会对航天器的正常运行造成严重的不良影响。针对这些微振动的有效消除,提出了一种基于磁性液体二阶浮力原理的新型阻尼减振器,分析了磁性液体阻尼减振的基础理论,对磁性液体减振器的阻尼减振效果进行了实验研究。本论文的主要工作如下:1.介绍了目前航天器常用的振动控制方式,分析了失重环境下典型的被动阻尼减振器的优缺点,指出了目前航天器减振技术普遍存在的局限性;2.介绍了磁性液体的组成、基本特性、发展历史以及基于磁性液体的振动衰减技术的研究现状,分析了磁性液体阻尼减振的基本原理以及独特优势;3.分析了磁性液体的磁化机理与浮力原理,结合流体力学基本定律得出了磁性液体的伯努利方程与二阶浮力表达式;4.设计出了磁性液体阻尼减振器的新结构,采用理论研究与实验探究相结合的方式,对阻尼减振器的结构进行了优化,设计了耗能质量块的结构,选择了减振器壳体的材料、永磁体的材料和磁性液体的种类;5.分析了所设计的新型磁性液体阻尼减振器的黏性耗能机理,推导出一个振动周期内的黏性耗能公式;6.加工出了七组磁性液体阻尼减振器,搭建阻尼减振实验台进行减振实验研究,研究了磁性液体的用量、减振器外壳锥角角度对阻尼减振效果的影响,磁性液体用量为15g,锥角大小为18°时达到最佳减振效果,振动衰减时间达到90%以上;7.探究了阻尼减振器对不同振幅振动的阻尼减振效果,振动的振幅在3mm至5mm时,阻尼减振效果非常好,振动衰减时间缩短90%以上,振幅为1mm和2mm时减振效果有所下降。
[Abstract]:The long and straight components on the spacecraft in orbit will have low frequency and small amplitude vibration due to various factors, which will have a serious adverse effect on the normal operation of the spacecraft. A new damping shock absorber based on the second order buoyancy principle of magnetic fluid is proposed. The basic theory of damping vibration reduction of magnetic fluid is analyzed. The damping effect of magnetic liquid damper is studied experimentally. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. The commonly used vibration control methods of spacecraft are introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of the typical passive damping damper in weightless environment are analyzed. This paper points out the limitation of the vibration absorption technology of spacecraft at present. 2. The composition, basic characteristics, development history and research status of vibration attenuation technology based on magnetic fluid are introduced. The basic principle of damping and damping of magnetic fluid and its unique advantages are analyzed. 3. The magnetization mechanism and buoyancy principle of magnetic fluid are analyzed. The Bernoulli equation of magnetic fluid and the second order buoyancy expression are obtained in combination with the basic laws of fluid mechanics. A new structure of magnetic fluid damping damper is designed, which is combined with theoretical and experimental research. The structure of damping damper is optimized, the structure of energy dissipation mass block is designed, and the material of shock absorber shell is selected. The material of permanent magnet and the kind of magnetic liquid. 5. The mechanism of viscous energy dissipation of the new type of magnetic fluid damping absorber is analyzed, and a formula of viscous energy dissipation in the vibration cycle is deduced. Seven groups of magnetic fluid damping absorbers are manufactured. The effect of the amount of magnetic liquid and the angle of cone angle of the shock absorber shell on the damping effect is studied. The optimal damping effect is achieved when the amount of magnetic fluid is 15g and the angle of cone angle is 18 掳. The damping effect of damping damper on different amplitude vibration is investigated. When the vibration amplitude is from 3 mm to 5 mm, the damping damping effect is very good, and the vibration attenuation time is shortened by more than 90%. When the amplitude is 1 mm and 2 mm, the damping effect is decreased.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：V441;TB535.1

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