北长山岛滑坡地质灾害监测与预警研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 10:30

本文选题：海岛滑坡　切入点：北长山岛　出处：《国家海洋局第一海洋研究所》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为深入探究海岛滑坡地质灾害的形成原因、发展趋势及主要影响因素,本文以海洋公益性行业科研专项“我国典型海岛地质灾害监测与预警示范研究”项目为依托,通过实地考察、三维激光扫描、无人机遥感、实时监测系统等方法对北长山岛山后村采石场滑坡区域坡度、高程,主滑坡体表面形态、体积,滑坡顶部裂缝位移等滑坡特征进行研究。同时,依据滑坡空间识别和滑坡状态两种方法对滑坡体发生进行预警,发布预警信息,并提出相应防治建议。具体结论如下:(1)研究对比不同时期三维激光扫描数据,结果表明:(1)采石活动导致主滑坡体影响形态变化显著,其中,采石期滑坡体体积减小,凹陷区和坡脚处变化深度超过10m;而禁采期滑坡体体积总体扩张,深度变化0~5m,坡脚处体积小幅减小;(2)极端天气条件下主滑坡体上部山体扩张,坡脚处碎石堆积,平均厚度约2m,体积减小区域集中在中部;(3)研究区域滑坡体坡度在极端天气条件下减小现象明显,中部坡度50°区域变化严重,平均变化幅度约为20°;(2)基于无人机遥感图像,分析了2012年6月~2013年8月滑坡区高程变化,其中,主滑坡区域高程约降低5m,南部滑坡区采石堆积,高程平均增加2m左右,而且主滑坡体顶部发育楔形槽;(3)实时监测系统监测结果表明:(1)受新发育的节理裂隙影响,滑坡顶部裂缝西北部与中部地区滑动明显,最大位移值约为230mm,东南部变化幅度较小;(2)从时间性变化特征角度将滑坡变形期分为缓慢变化、快速变化、稳定变化三个阶段,其中2013年7月13日~2013年7月31日为快速变形期,最大位移速率可达29mm/d;(4)根据研究区滑坡成因及主要影响因素,采用滑坡空间识别预警和滑坡状态预警两种方法对滑坡体进行预警,其中,滑坡空间识别预警主要以滑坡体后缘裂缝、楔形槽、滑坡边界、滑坡体岩石组成及内部软弱结构面等滑坡特征为依据来判定滑坡发生及潜在发生区域;滑坡状态预警以日降雨量、滑动速率、累积位移量为预警指标,设立相应的阈值,发布预警信息;(5)基于以上研究结果,建议首先加强监测预警,同时禁止采石活动,然后加强滑坡体其他特征监测及防治。
[Abstract]:In order to probe into the formation reason, development trend and main influencing factors of island landslide geological hazard, this paper relies on the special scientific research project of "Monitoring and early warning of typical Island Geological hazards in China", which is a special scientific research project of marine public welfare industry. Based on field investigation, 3D laser scanning, UAV remote sensing, real-time monitoring system and other methods, the slope, elevation, surface morphology and volume of the main landslide body in Houcun quarry of Hou Village, North Changshandao Mountain, were studied. At the same time, according to the two methods of landslide spatial identification and landslide state, the landslide body occurrence is early warning, and the warning information is issued. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the three dimensional laser scanning data of different periods are studied and compared. The results show that the quarrying activities result in significant changes in the shape of the main landslide body, in which the volume of the landslide body decreases during the quarrying period. The depth of variation in the sag area and the foot of the slope is more than 10 m, while the volume of the landslide body in the period of stoping is generally expanding, the depth of the landslide body is 0 ~ 5 m, the volume at the foot of the slope decreases slightly under extreme weather conditions, the upper mountain body of the main landslide body expands, and the gravel accumulates at the foot of the slope. The mean thickness is about 2 m, and the area of volume reduction is concentrated in the middle of the area.) the slope of the study area decreases obviously under extreme weather conditions, and the slope of the middle part of the area changes seriously, with an average change of about 20 掳.) based on the UAV remote sensing image, the slope of the study area decreases obviously under extreme weather conditions. The height variation of landslide area from June 2012 to August 2013 is analyzed. The height of the main landslide area is reduced by about 5 m, and that of the southern landslide area is accumulated, with an average increase of 2 m. Moreover, the monitoring results of the real time monitoring system for the development of wedge-shaped grooves at the top of the main landslide show that: 1) affected by the newly developed joints, the northwestern and central areas of the cracks on the top of the landslide slip obviously. The maximum displacement value is about 230 mm, and the variation range in the southeast is small.) from the point of view of temporal variation characteristics, the landslide deformation period is divided into three stages: slow change, rapid change and steady change, of which the period from July 13th 2013 to July 31st 2013 is the rapid deformation period. The maximum displacement rate can be up to 29 mm / d ~ (4)) according to the cause of the landslide and the main influencing factors in the study area, two methods of landslide spatial identification and landslide state warning are used to warn the landslide body, among which, Landslide spatial identification and early warning are mainly based on landslide characteristics such as back edge crack wedge-groove landslide boundary landslide rock composition and internal weak structural plane to determine landslide occurrence and potential occurrence area. The landslide state early warning takes the daily rainfall, the sliding rate, the cumulative displacement as the early warning index, establishes the corresponding threshold value, publishes the early warning information. (5) based on the above research results, it is suggested that the monitoring and early warning should be strengthened first, while the quarrying activities should be banned. Then strengthen the other features of landslide monitoring and prevention.
【学位授予单位】：国家海洋局第一海洋研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P642.22

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