手动、自动相机控制的研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 06:00

本文选题：CCD　切入点：手动/自动CCD电子快门　出处：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在当前CCD相机成像领域中,高动态范围、高画质已经成为CCD相机的核心竞争力,是当前各大主流品牌CCD相机的一大卖点。由于全自动相机的参数固定,不能很好地实现在不同场景下的最优画质和满足不同的使用者的需求,所以,发展出了手动/自动相机。本项目针对机场的进出港航班的降落和起飞情况观察与记录、停机坪环境监控开发了可以实现更高动态范围、更大对比度的手动/自动相机,以提高相机的画面质量,使监控室能够及时获取需要的信息。本文主要研究了CCD相机在不降低动态范围的基础上通过手动调节电子快门和增益倍数以提高整体或观察者感兴趣目标成像质量的设计方案。并对CCD相机的手动控制和自动控制技术做了深入探讨。开篇,本文简要介绍了光电成像发展史、介绍了当今主流成像芯片种类和CCD相机的分类及几种目前常用的相机用电路设计方法。然后对成像器件和相机做了延伸性的介绍与比较,分析了它们的异同和优缺点,介绍了这几种主流芯片不同的应用场合。在本方案中,成像器件(CCD芯片)采用的是索尼公司研发生产的具备电子快门功能的内线转移隔行输出芯片ICX259ALL。该芯片能自调节衬底电压和复位基准电平,这三大功能对简化外围电路和实现无机械快门以提高成像系统可靠性有举足轻重的作用,重要性在接下来的篇幅中介绍。随后介绍该芯片的时序需求和信号处理的具体实现方法和主要器件的原理框图,并由此为发端介绍了时序驱动的实现和信号处理流程。单片机采用PHILIP公司推出的P89LPC931A1_1,该单片机拥有完备的串口通信功能和串行数据处理功能,完全能够满足本系统的需求。本文详细探讨了单片机配合索尼套件实现电子快门及增益调节技术。然后,对本项目的研制成果——手动/自动CCD相机进行了测试。最后,介绍了测试方法、测试过程和结果,证明本方案实现的手动/自动相机性能和可靠性两大方面都满足合同指标,并对测试结果进行了分析。
[Abstract]:In the current field of CCD camera imaging, high dynamic range and high picture quality have become the core competitiveness of CCD cameras, and are a major selling point of current mainstream brands of CCD cameras. Unable to achieve optimal picture quality in different scenarios and meet the needs of different users, a manual / automatic camera has been developed. This project aims to observe and record the landing and take-off of inbound and outbound flights at the airport. A manual / automatic camera with higher dynamic range and greater contrast has been developed to improve the picture quality of the apron. In this paper, the CCD camera can improve the imaging quality of the object of interest to the whole or the observer by manually adjusting the electronic shutter and gain multiple without reducing the dynamic range. This paper also discusses the manual control and automatic control technology of CCD camera. This paper briefly introduces the history of optoelectronic imaging, introduces the kinds of mainstream imaging chips, the classification of CCD cameras and several commonly used camera circuit design methods, and then introduces and compares the extensibility of imaging devices and cameras. This paper analyzes their similarities, differences, advantages and disadvantages, and introduces the different applications of these kinds of mainstream chips. The imaging device (CCD chip) uses ICX259ALL, an interlaced output chip with electronic shutter function, developed by Sony. The chip can self-adjust the substrate voltage and reset reference level. These three functions play an important role in simplifying peripheral circuits and realizing mechanical shutter in order to improve the reliability of imaging system. The importance is introduced in the following sections. The timing requirements and signal processing of the chip are introduced, as well as the principle block diagram of the main devices. The realization of timing driver and the signal processing flow are introduced for the beginning. The MCU adopts P89LPC931A1S-1 developed by PHILIP Company, which has complete serial communication function and serial data processing function. The technology of electronic shutter and gain adjustment is discussed in detail in this paper. Then, the research achievement of this project, manual / automatic CCD camera, is tested. The testing method, testing process and results are introduced. It is proved that the performance and reliability of the manual / automatic camera realized by this scheme meet the contract index, and the test results are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB852.1

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