步态稳定性的生物力学因子研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 00:16

本文选题：步态　切入点：滑移　出处：《天津科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：步态失稳在日常生活中经常出现,特别是在老年人和工人群体中,研究步态稳定性生物力学因子可以提出防滑策略,为下肢助行装置提供数据支撑。针对步态失稳现象,国内外学者已做了许多研究工作,但是尚未有建模模拟和考虑肌肉力的研究。本文采用试验、模拟和建模相结合的方法。研究步态失稳后自主恢复平衡过程中,下肢各生物力学因子的变化规律,进一步优化防滑策略。本文招募10受试者,要求每位受试者分别在干燥与湿滑两种介质下按照正常步速行走,运用Vicon三维运动捕捉系统、测力板、足底压力系统和表面肌电信号系统分别采集了步态行为(稳定步态和滑移步态)的影像、足底压力、运动学、动力学参数数据和表面肌电信号的数据,采用AnyBody建模仿真系统建立下肢模型,得到下肢肌肉活性、肌肉力、关节角度、关节力矩等参数结果,最后建立下肢七杆模型,提出将模拟得到的肌肉力带入模型验证的方法。通过筛选、分析试验数据以及理论分析,可以得到一下结论:发生滑移恢复过程中,需要更大的地面支反力,并且在油面上行走,地面支反力的峰值更大。通过试验和模拟得到相关参数的结果分析,得出踝关节趾屈运动、膝关节屈曲运动和髋关节伸展运动有助于滑后自主恢复。发生滑移自主恢复过程中,踝关节跖屈肌群、膝关节屈曲肌群和髋关节伸展肌群肌肉力更大,相应屈肌群力较小,同时可得出,股直肌在两种情况下变化不大。提出简化肌肉,建立七杆模型,将肌肉力带入研究动态平衡的研究方法。通过对步态稳定性生物力学因子的进一步研究,明确了肌肉力的大小,为定量分析步态稳定性个因子提供了方法,更具体的提出了防滑策略,可以对动力式助行器的研究参数定量分析,同时,也可以为康复医疗、行走辅具等提供更加具体的理论依据。
[Abstract]:Gait instability often occurs in daily life, especially in the elderly and workers. To study the biomechanical factors of gait stability, anti-skid strategies can be put forward to provide data support for walking aids of lower limbs. Scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research work, but there has not been modeling simulation and muscle force. In this paper, the method of combining experiment, simulation and modeling is used to study the process of self-recovery balance after gait instability. In order to further optimize the anti-skid strategy, 10 subjects were recruited to walk at normal walking speed in dry and wet sliding media, and Vicon three-dimensional motion capture system was used. The plantar pressure system, the plantar pressure system and the surface electromyography system collected the gait behavior (steady gait and sliding gait), the plantar pressure, kinematics, dynamics parameters and surface EMG signal data, respectively. The lower limb model was established by AnyBody modeling and simulation system. The results of muscle activity, muscle force, joint angle, joint torque and other parameters were obtained. Finally, a seven-bar model of lower extremity was established. The method of bringing the simulated muscle force into the model verification is put forward. By screening, analyzing the test data and analyzing the theoretical analysis, we can draw a conclusion: in the course of the slip recovery, a larger ground branch reaction force is needed. And walking on the oil surface, the peak value of the reaction force of the ground support is greater. Through the test and simulation, the results of the related parameters are analyzed, and the ankle toe flexion motion is obtained. Flexion of knee joint and extension of hip joint are helpful for spontaneous recovery after sliding. In the process of slip recovery, the muscle strength of flexor muscle group, flexor muscle group and extensor muscle group of knee joint is greater, and the corresponding flexor muscle group force is smaller. At the same time, it can be concluded that the rectus femoris does not change much under two conditions. A simplified muscle, a seven-bar model and a method to study the dynamic balance of muscle force are proposed. Further study on biomechanical factors of gait stability is carried out. The size of muscle force is defined, which provides a method for quantitative analysis of gait stability factors, and puts forward anti-skid strategy more concretely, which can be used for quantitative analysis of research parameters of dynamic walker, and can also be used for rehabilitation medical treatment. Walking aids and so on to provide more specific theoretical basis.
【学位授予单位】：天津科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB18

【参考文献】