便携式振动噪声测量分析仪的研发

发布时间：2018-03-23 08:31

本文选题：振动测量　切入点：时域分析　出处：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在日常生产生活中,振动现象在机械设备运行中是不可避免的。振动会使机械设备出现疲劳和损耗,加大能量耗费,降低精密仪器和机床的精度,伴随着振动产生的噪声也会造成声音污染。振动监测与分析技术是计算机技术、电子技术与机械动力学三者相结合的一门新兴学科。随着科技的迅猛发展,人们对各类机械的运行速度、工作能力、工作寿命等要求越来越高,振动监测和分析方法也在机械运转状态监测、故障分析诊断、噪声控制等领域发挥着越来越重要的作用,振动监测和分析方法也越来越受到国内外专家学者的关注和重视。阶次分析技术在旋转机械的振动信号分析和故障监测诊断中起着重要作用。振动信号从本质上可以分为两类,分别是平稳信号和非平稳信号,这两类信号包含了很多重要的能够反映旋转机械工作过程和状态的特征信息,有效的利用好这些特征信息对旋转机械设备的监测和诊断有着重要作用。对于平稳的振动信号的特征信息的提取与分析,我们可以使用传统的傅里叶分析方法就已经足够了,但是傅里叶分析方法在对旋转机械设备在升速、降速过程中产生的非平稳的振动信号进行分析时,会出现“频率模糊”现象,而阶次分析技术的出现很好地解决了这一问题。本论文主要围绕这一全新的旋转机械振动信号分析技术展开。首先介绍了信号采样原理,时域分析,傅利叶变换原理,阶次分析方法和转速获取算法等振动测试与分析技术。再对振动传感器、转速传感器,步进电机等振动测试系统的组成硬件的工作原理与技术指标进行了介绍。在以上基础上,集成了信号调理器、CA-YD-186压电式加速度传感器、转速传感器和电机驱动器等硬件设备,以Visual C++计算机软件平台编写了测试分析软件,开发一套软硬件结合的振动噪声测量分析系统。该系统能够实现单通道、多通道的数据采集和分析,数据存储和时域分析,并且该系统具有参数设定、数据采集、时域显示、频域分析、数据存储、阶次分析等功能。为了验证系统功能的正确性,开发了一套振动测试发生装置,对系统进行验证实验,通过测试实验证明系统各项功能均达到预定要求,具有实用价值。开发这样一套振动测试与分析系统,无论是在经济上还是在技术上,都有积极的现实意义。
[Abstract]:In daily production and life, vibration is inevitable in the operation of machinery and equipment. Vibration will cause fatigue and loss of machinery and equipment, increase energy consumption, and reduce the precision of precision instruments and machine tools. Vibration monitoring and analysis technology is a new subject which combines computer technology, electronic technology and mechanical dynamics. With the rapid development of science and technology, People have higher and higher demands on the running speed, working ability and working life of all kinds of machinery. Vibration monitoring and analysis methods also play an increasingly important role in the fields of machine running state monitoring, fault analysis and diagnosis, noise control and so on. The methods of vibration monitoring and analysis have been paid more and more attention by experts and scholars at home and abroad. Order analysis plays an important role in vibration signal analysis and fault monitoring and diagnosis of rotating machinery. In essence, vibration signals can be divided into two categories. They are stationary signals and non-stationary signals. These two kinds of signals contain a lot of important characteristic information which can reflect the working process and state of rotating machinery. It is very important for the monitoring and diagnosis of rotating machinery equipment to make good use of these characteristic information. For the extraction and analysis of the characteristic information of stationary vibration signal, we can use the traditional Fourier analysis method to be enough. However, when the Fourier analysis method is used to analyze the non-stationary vibration signals produced by the rotating machinery in the process of increasing and decreasing the speed, the phenomenon of "frequency ambiguity" will occur. The emergence of order analysis technology solves this problem well. This paper mainly focuses on the new vibration signal analysis technology of rotating machinery. Firstly, the principle of signal sampling, time domain analysis and Fourier transform are introduced. The vibration testing and analysis techniques such as order analysis method and speed acquisition algorithm are introduced. The working principle and technical specifications of vibration testing system such as vibration sensor, speed sensor, step motor and so on are introduced. The CA-YD-186 piezoelectric accelerometer, speed sensor and motor driver are integrated, and the software of test and analysis is compiled on the platform of Visual C computer software. A vibration and noise measurement and analysis system combining software and hardware is developed. The system can realize data acquisition and analysis of single channel and multi-channel, data storage and time domain analysis, and the system has parameter setting, data acquisition, time domain display, etc. Frequency domain analysis, data storage, order analysis and other functions. In order to verify the correctness of the system function, a vibration test generator is developed. It has practical value. The development of such a vibration testing and analysis system is of positive practical significance both economically and technically.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB53

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