可燃冰低温环境实验室的研发与性能研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 19:02

本文选题：低温实验室　切入点：可燃冰　出处：《天津商业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着可燃冰利用技术的快速发展,对可以贮存和储藏可燃冰的环境的要求越来越高,对贮存可燃冰环境的性能探究也达到了新的高度。所以,人们对可燃冰低温环境贮藏空间的探究已经被提上的研究日程,越来越多的研究所和高校开展了此类的课题。对于可以贮存可燃冰的低温环境的研发,最为行之有效的方法就是建造超低温环境实验室,由于超低温环境实验室对实验工况要求较高,双级压缩系统则成为了为其提供良好运行基础的重要保障。低温环境实验室分为超低温环境实验室,低温环境实验室和恒温环境实验室,分别使用的是双级压缩制冷系统和单级压缩制冷系统,在超低温环境实验室中可以研发可燃冰的性能。本文通过理论研究与工程实践,对可燃冰低温环境实验室进行了研发和性能探究。蒸汽压缩式理论循环是本工程所采用的制冷方式,制冷系统分成三个部分,一个是应用于恒温实验室的单级压缩制冷系统;另一个是应用于超低温实验室的双级压缩制冷系统;第三个是应用于低温实验室的单级压缩制冷系统。恒温实验室的单级压缩制冷系统使用R134a,超低温实验室和低温实验室的双级和单级压缩制冷系统使用R404A。根据设计工况计算出三个实验室的冷负荷,并根据设计工况选型得到压缩机、冷风机以及冷凝器的相关参数。搭建了三个实验室,分别对三个实验室进行实验,使得三个实验室的温度从环境温度分别降低至各自的设计温度,并在不同的实验室温度的条件下记录制冷机组的相关参数,处理实验数据得到制冷系统的压缩机排气温度、蒸发温度、COP、制冷量、压缩机耗功量等参数在不同的实验室温度下的变化曲线,记录了实验室从环境温度降低至设计温度所需的时间,并且对三个实验室的送回风温度场进行了测试。同时,也对三个实验室的制冷系统建立了理论模型,分析制冷系统在不同实验室温度的条件下的参数变化情况,将理论结果与实验结果进行对比,验证理论模型的准确性。研究结果表明,制冷系统在测试条件下,所得到的相关参数(即恒温实验室,低温实验室和超低温实验室的制冷量、耗功量、COP、蒸发温度、蒸发压力、冷凝温度、冷凝压力等参数)可以说明制冷系统工作稳定,恒温实验室的系统性能与压缩机生产厂家所提供的压缩机性能比较吻合。低温实验室和超低温实验室的制冷量、耗功量、COP低于压缩机生产厂家提供的理论参数,进一步说明了压缩机生产厂家提供的压缩机理论参数存在正常偏差。外置冷风机方式提供给实验室良好的环境,无论气流组织、温度场、降低噪音和减少实验人员吹风感等方面都有明显的优点。根据实验的实际情况低温实验室采用双级系统,超低温实验室采用复叠式系统效果会更好。提高室内环境温度场精度,需要采用变频制冷系统,节流机构使用电子膨胀阀。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of combustible ice utilization technology, the requirements for the environment in which flammable ice can be stored and stored are becoming higher and higher, and the research on the performance of storage combustible ice environment has reached a new height. The research on the storage space of combustible ice in low temperature environment has been put on the research agenda. More and more research institutes and universities have carried out this kind of research. The most effective method is to build an ultra-low temperature environment laboratory. The two-stage compression system has become an important guarantee for its good operation. The cryogenic environment laboratory is divided into ultra-low temperature environment laboratory, low temperature environment laboratory and constant temperature environment laboratory. Two stage compression refrigeration system and one stage compression refrigeration system are used, which can develop the properties of combustible ice in the laboratory of ultra-low temperature environment. The research and development of combustible ice cryogenic environment laboratory and its performance research are carried out. The steam compression theoretical cycle is the refrigeration method adopted in this project. The refrigeration system is divided into three parts: one is the single-stage compression refrigeration system used in the constant temperature laboratory; The other is a two-stage compression refrigeration system used in the ultra-low temperature laboratory. The third is a single stage compression refrigeration system for cryogenic laboratories. R134a is used for single stage compression refrigeration systems in constant temperature laboratories, and R404A is used for two-stage and single stage compression refrigeration systems in ultra-low temperature laboratories and cryogenic laboratories. The cooling load of the three laboratories was calculated under the working conditions. According to the design conditions, the relevant parameters of compressor, air cooler and condenser are obtained. The temperature of the three laboratories is reduced from the ambient temperature to the design temperature respectively, and the relevant parameters of the refrigeration unit are recorded under different laboratory temperatures, and the compressor exhaust temperature of the refrigeration system is obtained by processing the experimental data. The changing curves of evaporation temperature, cooling capacity, compressor power consumption and other parameters at different laboratory temperatures are recorded, and the time required for the laboratory to reduce from ambient temperature to design temperature is recorded. At the same time, the theoretical model of the refrigeration system in the three laboratories is established, and the variation of the parameters of the refrigeration system under different laboratory temperature is analyzed. The theoretical results are compared with the experimental results to verify the accuracy of the theoretical model. The results show that the relevant parameters (i.e. the refrigerating capacity of the constant temperature laboratory, the cryogenic laboratory and the ultra-low temperature laboratory) can be obtained under the test conditions of the refrigeration system. COP, evaporation temperature, evaporation pressure, condensation temperature, condensing pressure, etc.) can indicate that the refrigeration system is working stably. The system performance of the constant temperature laboratory is in good agreement with the compressor performance provided by the compressor manufacturer. The refrigerating capacity and power consumption of the cryogenic laboratory and the ultra-low temperature laboratory are lower than the theoretical parameters provided by the compressor manufacturer. It is further explained that there is a normal deviation in the theoretical parameters of the compressor provided by the compressor manufacturer. The external air cooler provides a good environment for the laboratory, regardless of the airflow organization and the temperature field, According to the actual situation of the experiment, the two-stage system is adopted in the low temperature laboratory and the overlapping system is used in the ultra-low temperature laboratory. The precision of the indoor temperature field is improved. Frequency conversion refrigeration system is needed and electronic expansion valve is used in throttling mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TB65

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