简体暖体假人的研制

发布时间：2018-04-04 16:27

本文选题：暖体假人　切入点：温度均匀性　出处：《东华大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：暖体假人是模拟人体与环境之间热湿交换的仪器设备,以电热丝作为内热源来模拟人体散热,主要用于测试服装热阻和环境舒适度。本文从假人表面温度均匀性及假人表面温度恒定控制这两方面,对暖体假人进行了初步研究与制作。本文基于原先涂抹硅胶层模拟假人皮肤,重新设计了假人的皮肤敷设,并进行了一系列比较试验。通过比较圆镍铬丝和扁镍铬丝的敷设难易程度和两者的温度均匀性效果,确定使用扁镍铬丝来进行敷设简化制作。基于先前简单开关量温度控制方法来控制假人表面温度,本文为达到更准确的温度控制,利用Labview软件编程,重新编写了开关控制的程序,结合上位机及下位机硬件设备进行了一系列实验,实现手动温度控制方案达到要求的控制精度。此外,本文深入研究了PID控制算法,利用Labview软件中的PID控制包进行软件编程,并更新了硬件系统,最终实现假人表面温度的自动控制。在研究初期,PID控制中的最佳比例控制Kp、积分控制Ti及微分控制Td系数是在常温状态下经过多次试验,得到最佳的控制效果之后挑选出来的。在后来的研究中本文利用Labview软件编程来实现Kp、Ti、Td的自动选择,这样计算机可以在不同的环境条件下自动挑选出最佳的控制系数来进行温度控制,省去了很多人工挑选时间,而且比人工选择更全面更准确。暖体假人的下位机系统是以实时控制温度和功率测量为核心任务的软硬件结合的系统。由于各解剖段的工作原理都一样,只有温度采样和控制量输出的通道地址不同,以上温度控制方法的研究都是就单独一个通道的温度控制来进行分析的。研究后期,本文由单独的局部研究转为整体的软硬件设计与制作,实现简体暖体假人的多段控制,初步完成了简体暖体假人的整套系统集成。暖体假人的应用侧重于计算服装的热阻。因此在完善整体控制系统后,本文在研究的最后对服装热阻进行了简单的测试,但其测试精度还没有达到国家标准。初步猜测是整套系统的加热量流失导致了测试精度不高,本文就热阻测试计算又进行了一系列调整实验,提出改进方案,为后续完善假人制作以及测试精度奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:The warm-body dummy is an instrument which simulates the heat and humidity exchange between the human body and the environment. The electric heating wire is used as the internal heat source to simulate the heat dissipation of the human body, which is mainly used to test the thermal resistance of clothing and the environmental comfort.In this paper, the homogeneity of surface temperature of dummy and the constant control of surface temperature of dummy are studied and fabricated.In this paper, the artificial skin was redesigned and a series of comparative experiments were carried out based on the imitated artificial skin coated with silica gel.By comparing the difficulty of laying round nickel chromium wire and flat nickel chromium wire and the effect of temperature uniformity between them, it is determined that flat nickel chromium wire is used to simplify the laying process.Based on the former simple switch temperature control method to control the surface temperature of dummy, in order to achieve more accurate temperature control, the program of switch control is reprogrammed by using Labview software.A series of experiments are carried out with the hardware of upper computer and lower computer to achieve the required control precision of manual temperature control scheme.In addition, the PID control algorithm is deeply studied in this paper. The software is programmed with the PID control package in the Labview software, and the hardware system is updated. Finally, the automatic control of the surface temperature of the dummy is realized.In the initial stage of the study, the optimal proportional control Kp, the integral control Ti and the differential control TD coefficient are selected after many experiments at room temperature, and the optimal control effect is obtained.And more comprehensive and accurate than manual selection.The lower computer system of the warm-body dummy is a software and hardware system which is based on the real-time control of temperature and power measurement.Because the principle of each anatomic section is the same, only the temperature sampling and the output channel address of the control quantity are different, the research of the above temperature control method is based on the temperature control of a single channel.In the later stage of the research, the software and hardware design and manufacture of the whole software and hardware are changed from the single local research to realize the multi-stage control of the simplified warm-body dummy, and the complete system integration of the simplified warm-body dummy is preliminarily completed.The application of warm-body dummy focuses on calculating the thermal resistance of clothing.Therefore, after perfecting the whole control system, this paper carries on the simple test to the clothing thermal resistance at the end of the research, but its test precision has not reached the national standard.It is preliminarily speculated that the heat loss of the whole system leads to the low accuracy of the test. In this paper, a series of adjustment experiments are carried out on the calculation of the thermal resistance test, and an improved scheme is put forward, which lays a foundation for the subsequent improvement of the dummy manufacture and the test precision.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP273;TB17

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