生产流水线负荷平衡的关键技术

发布时间：2018-04-15 20:27

本文选题：生产流水线 + 混合流水线　；参考：《宁波大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着生产制造业的发展及其技术的革新，生产产品的需求在大幅增加，而传统的手工作业效率低下，产品的出产率较低，已经无法满足市场的需求，此时诞生的生产流水线极大的提高了生产效率。但伴随着市场个性化的发展，品种的多样化和小批量的生产成为一种趋势,传统的单品种流水线呈现出一定的局限性，因而多品种混合流水线得到了发展，而且已经被大多数企业认可。本文正是基于市场需求对生产制造的影响这一背景提出的，首先对单品种生产流水线进行研究，然后对混合多品种流水线进行分步研究，分别研究流水线平衡问题和投产顺序问题；最后针对混合流水线中平衡问题和投产顺序问题之间的相互影响，提出了协同研究的方法。对于单品种生产流水线的研究，主要侧重于工位的分配。在给定工位总数、工时、工序的情况下，计算出流水线的生产节拍，使每个工序上的耗时在生产节拍的浮余范围内，最终流水线能达到平衡生产的目的，同时引入目标函数，使用的工位最少。整个过程采用基于伪布尔可满足性的算法实现，并通过实例验证算法的合理性和有效性。对于多品种混合流水线的研究，首先通过各个品种的优先关系图推算出整个混合流水线的联合优先关系图，之后的研究正是基于这个模型。分为两个流程：分步研究和协同研究。分步研究时，先使得混合流水线达到平衡生产的效果，合理的将每一个工序分配到工作站，使得各个工作站的时间相当；然后在平衡的基础上，研究投产顺序，满足各个工作站之间的开始生产时间、结束生产时间的约束关系，，使各个工作站之间的时间间隙最小，从而使得整个混合流水线完成所有产品的总时间最少。在协同研究过程中，除了需要满足基本相关约束关系之外，还需要考虑平衡问题和投产顺序问题之间相互影响。实验结果表明协同优化算法优于分步研究，但是协同算法设计复杂，相对而言，分步研究也能对实际生产有很好的指导作用。
[Abstract]:With the development of manufacturing industry and the innovation of technology, the demand for production products is increasing greatly, while the traditional manual work is inefficient and the production rate of products is low, which can no longer meet the needs of the market.At this time the production of pipeline was born to greatly improve the efficiency of production.However, with the development of individualized market, the diversification of varieties and the production of small quantities have become a trend. Pipeline, the traditional single variety, has some limitations, and therefore the multi-variety mixed pipeline has been developed.And has been recognized by most enterprises.Based on the background of the influence of market demand on production and manufacturing, this paper first studies pipeline, a single variety of production, and then carries out a step by step study on the mixed and multi-variety pipeline.Pipeline equilibrium problem and production order problem are studied respectively. Finally, a collaborative research method is proposed to deal with the interaction between the balance problem and the production order problem in the mixed pipeline.For single-variety production pipeline, the main focus on the distribution of work.Given the total number of work stations, working hours, and working procedures, the production beat of pipeline is calculated, so that the time consuming in each process is within the floating range of the production beat, and eventually pipeline can achieve the goal of balancing production, and at the same time introducing the objective function.The use of the least number of work stations.The algorithm based on pseudo-Boolean satisfiability is used in the whole process, and the rationality and validity of the algorithm are verified by an example.For the study of mixed pipeline, the joint priority relationship diagram of the whole mixed pipeline is derived from the priority relationship diagram of each variety, and the later research is based on this model.It is divided into two processes: step-by-step research and collaborative research.In the step-by-step study, first of all, the mixed pipeline is allowed to achieve the effect of balancing production, and each process is reasonably allocated to the workstation, so that the time of each workstation is equal; then, on the basis of balance, the sequence of production is studied.It can satisfy the starting time of each workstation and end the constraint relation of production time so as to minimize the time gap between each workstation and make the whole mixed pipeline complete the total time of all products at least.In the process of collaborative research, it is necessary to consider the interaction between the balance problem and the sequence of production in addition to the basic correlation constraints.The experimental results show that the cooperative optimization algorithm is better than the stepwise research, but the design of the collaborative algorithm is complex, and the stepwise research can also be a good guide to the actual production.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB497

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