水制冷剂及水蒸气压缩机研究现状和展望

发布时间：2018-04-18 15:04

本文选题：水制冷剂 + 压缩机　；参考：《化工学报》2017年08期

【摘要】：水作为第4代制冷剂具有绿色环保(ODP=0,GWP1)、原料易得、成本低廉、安全性好、稳定性高以及汽化潜热大等诸多优势,完全可以满足环保要求从而应用在热泵空调系统中;但是水蒸气分子量低、比容大以及绝热指数高也决定了水蒸气系统具有压差小、压比大、单位容积制冷量小、容积流量大、排气温度高等特点,对水蒸气制冷系统用的压缩机也提出了更高的要求。目前使用的水蒸气压缩机主要有离心式、螺杆式以及罗茨式,离心式压缩机虽然容积流量大,但是单级压比小,对液滴敏感,排气温升问题突出,叶片以及壳体材料要求高,经济成本高,适用于大流量,小压比的系统;螺杆式压缩机稳定性好,压比大,可以满足湿压缩要求,但是它容积流量有限,可用于小流量,大压比的系统;罗茨式压缩机振动小,结构简单,但是它的压比同样也比较小,适用于中小冷量,大温升系统。为了促进水制冷剂在生产生活领域的广泛使用,针对不同使用场合和供汽需求,研究开发与之适用的压缩机是未来制冷技术发展的一个重要方向。
[Abstract]:As the fourth generation refrigerant, water has many advantages, such as green environmental protection ODP0 / GWP1, easy to get raw materials, low cost, good safety, high stability and high latent heat of vaporization, etc., which can meet the environmental protection requirements and be applied in heat pump air conditioning system.However, the low molecular weight of water vapor, high specific volume and high adiabatic index also determine the characteristics of water vapor system, such as small pressure difference, large pressure ratio, small unit volume refrigerating capacity, large volume flow rate, high exhaust temperature, etc.The compressor used in steam refrigeration system is also required higher.The main steam compressors used at present are centrifugal type, screw type and Roots type. Although the volume flow rate of centrifugal compressor is large, the single stage pressure ratio is small, it is sensitive to liquid droplets, the problem of exhaust temperature rise is prominent, and the material requirements of blade and shell are high.The screw compressor has good stability and high pressure ratio, it can meet the requirement of wet compression, but its volume flow is limited, and it can be used in the system with small flow rate and high pressure ratio.Roots compressor has small vibration and simple structure, but its pressure ratio is also small.In order to promote the wide use of water refrigerants in the field of production and life, it is an important direction of refrigeration technology to develop compressors suitable for different applications and demand of steam supply.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所;上海汉钟精机股份有限公司;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB06012010)~~
【分类号】：TB64;TB652

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