基于人机工程学的GC6t挖掘机驾驶室的设计

发布时间：2018-04-24 07:07

本文选题：人机工程学 + 工程机械　；参考：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：论文课题选自某企业GC6t液压挖掘机新款驾驶室的设计。其GC系列旧款驾驶室已经不能满足用户对于驾驶室舒适性、密封性和安全性等方面的要求,结合机型更新换代的开发计划,新款驾驶室被设计出来。在设计的同时用数字化的方法进行了人机工程学、ROPS(防翻滚)安全性、降低噪音的舒舒适性等验证和改进,最终制作出了样机并进行了评审。新设计的驾驶室样机得到了较好的评价结果,目前已量产。论文分为三大部分。在第一部分中,本论文分析了旧款驾驶室的布置与结构缺点,例如监控器位置太靠下,人眼观察不方便、内饰造型陈旧,操纵装置布置不合理等,在此基础上对人机工程学的基本理论和设计规范进行了研究；对人体尺寸的静态、动态参数进行了分析；并对目前先进的数字仿真设计在人机工程学的应用进行了调查,确定了本设计的研究方法和思路。接下来,本论文第二大部分基于Pro/Engineer建模与分析软件建立了驾驶室结构和内部布置模型,在布置设计过程中用数字化方法确保驾驶室的视野、内部空间、操纵装置的布置符合人机工程学要求；并在布置设计完成后对操作空间、操纵时驾驶员的身姿,操纵时的舒适度,操纵时的视野范围等进行了人机工程学的分析和确认。这些分析和确认引用的理论或参考的标准包含：设计H点的确定方法、座椅布置与座面高度、手伸及界面及舒适操纵范围、仪表布置、操纵装置的布置、作业空间的大小、操纵力与身体关节角度、眼椭圆的位置、第95百分位人体的视野范围等。另外本论文还对新款驾驶室的内饰造型设计、色彩搭配设计、安全性设计及ROPS有限元分析、通风制冷和采暖设计、减震降噪及覆盖件的模态分析以及其它人性化设计进行了简要论述、验证了设计的合理性。在第三大部分,本论文应用模糊综合评价方法,对新款驾驶室的造型、舒适性进行了评价,通过评分与分值加权计算出评价者对新款驾驶室的满意程度。通过驾驶室的设计和样机评审过程,本论文总结了挖掘机驾驶室设计过程需要满足的人机工程学原理和设计规则；提出了设计驾驶室时的数字化设计、验证方法,并且确定了以后驾驶室设计的标准方法；论文也提出了驾驶室舒适程度的评价方法,并根据此方法评审通过了新款驾驶室的样机,新款驾驶室顺利进入量产阶段。
[Abstract]:The thesis is selected from the design of the new cab of GC6t hydraulic excavator in a certain enterprise. The old cab of GC series can not meet the requirements of comfort, sealing and safety of the cab, and the new cab has been designed in combination with the development plan of updating the model. At the same time, the verification and improvement of ergonomics ROPS (anti-roll safety) and reducing noise comfort are carried out by digital method. Finally, the prototype is made and evaluated. The newly designed cab prototype has got good evaluation results and has been produced in mass production. The paper is divided into three parts. In the first part, this paper analyzes the layout and structural shortcomings of the old cab, such as the location of the monitor is too low, the human eye observation is not convenient, the interior decoration is old, the arrangement of the control device is unreasonable, etc. On this basis, the basic theory and design criterion of ergonomics are studied, the static and dynamic parameters of human body size are analyzed, and the application of advanced digital simulation design in ergonomics is investigated. The research method and train of thought of this design are determined. Then, the second part of this paper based on Pro/Engineer modeling and analysis software to establish the cab structure and internal layout model, in the layout design process to ensure the cab visual field, internal space. The layout of the control device meets the requirements of ergonomics, and the ergonomics analysis and confirmation of the operating space, the driver's posture, the comfort during the operation and the range of visual field during the operation are carried out after the layout design is completed. These analysis and validation theories or reference criteria include: design H point determination method, seat layout and seat height, hand extension and interface and comfort control range, instrumentation layout, control device layout, size of operating space, Manipulative force and body joint angle, eye ellipse position, 95 th percentile human visual field range. In addition, this paper also designs the new cab interior design, color collocation design, safety design and ROPS finite element analysis, ventilation, refrigeration and heating design, The vibration reduction and noise reduction, modal analysis of the panel and other humanized design are briefly discussed, and the rationality of the design is verified. In the third part, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is applied to evaluate the shape and comfort of the new cab, and the degree of satisfaction of the evaluator to the new cab is calculated by weighted evaluation and score. Through the process of cab design and prototype evaluation, this paper summarizes the ergonomics principles and design rules that need to be satisfied in the design process of excavator cab, and puts forward the digital design and verification method of cab design. The standard method of cab design in the future is determined, and the evaluation method of cab comfort degree is also put forward. According to this method, the prototype of the new cab is evaluated and passed, and the new cab smoothly enters the mass production stage.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU621;TB18

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