空间用有阀线性压缩机设计与实验研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 14:19

本文选题：线性压缩机 + 有阀线性压缩机　；参考：《浙江大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着科学技术的发展与进步,制冷低温技术在航空航天领域获得了极其广泛的关注和应用。探测对象不同,所需的制冷温度也不同。为了拓宽探测波长范围和提高低温探测器精度,某些红外探测器需要工作在4-6K的温区范围。早期,该制冷温区主要使用液氦或超流氦杜瓦。随着机械式低温制冷机的发展,越来越多的机械式制冷机应用于空间探测领域。在4-6K的温区范围,与斯特林制冷机或斯特林型脉管制冷机相比,Joule-Thomson(J-T)制冷机具有更高的效率和更灵活的设计,因此获得了广泛的关注和应用。有阀线性压缩机是J-T节流制冷的关键技术之一。基于间隙密封和无油润滑技术,可以实现线性压缩机的高效共振运行,且具有潜在的长寿命和高可靠性；通过簧片阀的作用,使得压缩机达到一个较高的压比,实现J-T制冷机的工作循环。与动圈式相比,动磁式线性压缩机具有更高的效率,更大的比推力；且无气体污染,无飞线,结构更紧凑,因此对于空间用液氦温区的J-T节流制冷机,动磁式线性压缩机将具有无法比拟的优势。据此,本文开展了以下工作： 1.系统地总结了线性压缩机的发展历程,分别从优势、应用领域、直线电机、支撑系统、气阀、损失分析、减振、新型结构和材料等领域对线性压缩机进行全面的阐述。 2.建立了有阀线性压缩机的基本数学模型和非线性模型并进行求解；对于单活塞线性压缩机,建立了采用动态平衡器进行被动减振的数学模型；同时也分析了有阀线性压缩机的损失机理及其效率定义；针对柔性板弹簧,提出了同时考虑“径轴向刚度比”和“最大应力与轴向刚度比”为板弹簧的优化参数,从而更加精确地指导板弹簧的优化设计工作。 3.结合上述理论分析和有限元方法,设计了一台动磁式有阀线性压缩机,具体介绍了活塞气缸的直径行程计算、直线电机的优化设计、板弹簧的选型及气阀设计加工等过程。 4.通过实验测量了板弹簧的轴向刚度,其结果与有限元计算值较吻合,平均误差为11.6%。同时,将线性压缩机与气阀装配在一起进行实验,实现了单级压缩比为3,可以通过有阀线性压缩机将0.1MPa的氦气压缩到0.3MPa,将0.3MPa的氦气压缩到0.9MPa,并且为两级压缩实现9的压比确定了优化工况。
[Abstract]:With the development and progress of science and technology, refrigeration cryogenic technology has been widely concerned and applied in aerospace field. Different objects require different refrigeration temperatures. In order to widen the detection wavelength range and improve the precision of low-temperature detectors, some infrared detectors need to work in the temperature range of 4-6K. In the early stage, liquid helium or superfluid helium Dewar was mainly used in the cooling temperature range. With the development of mechanical cryogenic refrigerators, more and more mechanical refrigerators are applied in space detection field. In the temperature range of 4-6K, compared with Stirling refrigerator or Stirling type pulse tube refrigerator, Joule-Thomson J-T refrigerator has higher efficiency and more flexible design, so it has been widely paid attention to and applied. Linear compressor with valves is one of the key technologies of J-T throttling refrigeration. Based on the clearance seal and oil-free lubrication technology, the linear compressor can be operated with high efficiency and resonance, and it has potential long life and high reliability. By the action of Reed valve, the compressor can achieve a high pressure ratio. Working cycle of J-T refrigerator is realized. Compared with the moving coil type, the dynamic magnetic linear compressor has higher efficiency and higher specific thrust, no gas pollution, no flying line, and more compact structure, so for the space J-T throttling refrigerator in the liquid helium temperature region, Dynamic magnetic linear compressor will have unparalleled advantages. Accordingly, the following work has been carried out: 1. The development history of linear compressors is summarized systematically. The linear compressors are described comprehensively in the fields of advantages, application fields, linear motors, support systems, air valves, loss analysis, vibration reduction, new structures and materials, etc. 2. The basic mathematical model and nonlinear model of linear compressor with valve are established and solved, and the mathematical model of passive vibration reduction with dynamic balancer is established for linear compressor with single piston. At the same time, the loss mechanism and efficiency definition of linear compressor with valves are analyzed, and the optimum parameters of plate spring are put forward, which consider "axial stiffness ratio" and "maximum stress to axial stiffness ratio" at the same time. Therefore, the optimum design of plate spring can be guided more accurately. 3. Combined with the above theoretical analysis and finite element method, a dynamic magnetic valve linear compressor is designed. The calculation of piston cylinder diameter stroke, the optimization design of linear motor, the selection of plate spring and the design and processing of valve are introduced in detail. 4. The axial stiffness of the plate spring is measured experimentally. The results are in good agreement with the finite element method, and the average error is 11.6. At the same time, the linear compressor and the valve are assembled together to carry out the experiment. The single-stage compression ratio is 3. The helium gas of 0.1MPa can be compressed to 0.3MPa by a linear compressor with valves, and the helium gas of 0.3MPa can be compressed to 0.9MPa. The optimum condition is determined for realizing the pressure ratio of 9 by two-stage compression.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB652

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