基于特征点的天基光学图像几何定位技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 04:39

本文选题：天基光学图像 + 几何定位　；参考：《国防科学技术大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：卫星对地观测与测量技术通过卫星探测数据获取地球空间信息,推动国民经济和国防建设的快速发展。随着我国卫星遥感技术的发展,高精度的几何定位技术与方法日益成为制约我国卫星遥感系统发展与应用的瓶颈。本文围绕天基光学图像几何定位中的相关技术展开深入研究,取得了一定的研究成果。具体内容如下:(1)介绍了天基光学图像几何定位技术的一些基本理论,包括卫星基本参考坐标系及其相互之间的转换关系、天基传感器成像模型、几何定位技术方法、几何定位影响因素等内容;(2)研究了高频抖动条件下的卫星姿态确定技术,提出了一种压缩感知与最小二乘联合的卫星姿态高频抖动估计方法,实现了高频抖动条件下的高精度卫星姿态确定;(3)研究了相机内部的成像过程,建立了光学成像机构失配形模型。从降低模型复杂度、减少模型估计参数两个角度针对光学成像机构失配模型进行模型简化与模型优化,提高了模型的易用性与适用性;(4)研究了天基光学图像几何定位技术中的特征点采样与提纯技术,提出了基于RIC的特征点采样方法和基于RANSAC算法的特征点提纯方法,可以获得最优化的特征点分布并实现特征点的提纯,提高几何定位精度。论文的研究对进一步研究天基光学图像几何定位技术具有一定参考意义。
[Abstract]:The satellite earth observation and measurement technology obtains the geospatial information through the satellite detection data, which promotes the rapid development of national economy and national defense construction. With the development of satellite remote sensing technology in China, high precision geometric positioning technology and methods have become the bottleneck of the development and application of satellite remote sensing system in China. In this paper, the related techniques of space-based optical image geometric positioning are studied, and some research results are obtained. The main contents are as follows: (1) some basic theories of space-based optical image geometric positioning technology are introduced, including the satellite basic reference coordinate system and its conversion relationship, space-based sensor imaging model, geometric positioning technology and methods. In this paper, the satellite attitude determination technology under the condition of high frequency jitter is studied, and a method of satellite attitude high frequency jitter estimation based on compression sensing and least square method is proposed. The high precision satellite attitude determination under the condition of high frequency jitter is realized. The imaging process inside the camera is studied and the mismatch model of the optical imaging mechanism is established. In order to reduce the complexity of the model and reduce the parameters of the model estimation, the mismatch model of the optical imaging mechanism is simplified and optimized. This paper improves the usability and applicability of the model. (4) the feature point sampling and purification technology in space-based optical image geometric location technology is studied, and the feature point sampling method based on RIC and the feature point purification method based on RANSAC algorithm are proposed. The optimal distribution of feature points and the purification of feature points can be obtained and the geometric positioning accuracy can be improved. The research in this paper has some reference significance for the further study of geometric positioning technology of space-based optical images.
【学位授予单位】：国防科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP751

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