面向直升机座椅系统的磁流变阻尼器半主动隔振问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 21:34

本文选题：直升机座椅 + 磁流变阻尼器　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：直升机飞行过程中产生的振动以及坠落时受到的冲击是影响飞行员身体健康和生命安全的重要因素。在座椅悬架中加装磁流变阻尼器，并采用合适的控制方法进行控制是改善直升机座椅系统隔振性能的一种便捷有效方式。本文以减小振动、缓和冲击为目标，利用磁流变阻尼器和缓冲器配合作用，采用线性二次型最优控制算法，建立了磁流变阻尼器半主动控制直升机座椅系统，并进行仿真和实验研究，结果表明了该设计的合理性和有效性。建立了磁流变阻尼器的双曲正切模型、BP神经网络模型和自适应神经模糊推理系统模型以及磁流变阻尼器控制器的BP神经网络模型和自适应神经模糊推理系统模型。测试了实际磁流变阻尼器的动力学特性，根据测试所得数据，对磁流变阻尼器模型及其控制器模型进行了参数识别和训练，选择综合性能最佳的磁流变阻尼器模型及磁流变阻尼器控制器模型构建了磁流变阻尼器系统模型。检验了磁流变阻尼器系统模型对实测数据的拟合能力，验证了所建模型的可靠性。针对直升机座椅系统的工作环境和隔振要求，设计了直升机座椅悬架结构，确定了磁流变阻尼器和缓冲器的安装位置，建立了直升机座椅系统的数学模型。分别采用天棚阻尼控制算法和线性二次型最优控制算法设计了直升机座椅系统的控制器，采用动力学仿真分析方法比较二者的位移及加速度控制效果，选择效果最佳者作为直升机座椅系统的控制器。在Simulink环境下建立了被动控制、主动控制及磁流变阻尼器半主动控制的直升机座椅系统模型，分别在阶跃位移激励、正弦位移激励和脉冲力激励下对座椅系统的减振及抗冲击性能进行仿真分析。以座椅悬架承载质量的加速度为评价指标，对比了半主动控制与其他控制方法的作用效果，证明了半主动控制能够显著地减小振动和冲击，并分析了座椅系统参数变化对半主动控制效果的影响。根据座椅系统模型搭建了直升机座椅系统控制性能实验台，基于xPC Target实时控制技术，测定了座椅悬架承载质量加速度在阶跃位移激励下的响应。实验结果表明所设计的磁流变阻尼器半主动控制座椅系统具有明显的减振效果，为直升机座椅系统设计提供了指导。
[Abstract]:The vibration generated by the helicopter during flight and the impact during the fall are the important factors affecting the health and life safety of the pilot. It is a convenient and effective way to improve the vibration isolation performance of helicopter seat system by installing Mr damper and adopting appropriate control method in seat suspension. The aim of this paper is to reduce vibration and mitigate impact. By using the cooperation of magneto-rheological damper and buffer, a semi-active control helicopter seat system with magneto-rheological damper is established by using linear quadratic optimal control algorithm. The simulation and experimental results show that the design is reasonable and effective. The hyperbolic tangent model of magnetorheological damper, the BP neural network model and the adaptive neural fuzzy inference system model, as well as the BP neural network model and the adaptive neural fuzzy inference system model of the magnetorheological damper controller are established. The dynamic characteristics of the actual Mr damper are tested. According to the measured data, the model of Mr damper and its controller model are identified and trained. The magneto-rheological damper model and the magnetorheological damper controller model are selected to construct the magneto-rheological damper system model. The fitting ability of the model of Mr damper system to the measured data is tested, and the reliability of the model is verified. Aiming at the working environment and vibration isolation requirements of helicopter seat system, the structure of helicopter seat suspension is designed, the installation position of Mr damper and buffer is determined, and the mathematical model of helicopter seat system is established. The controller of helicopter seat system is designed by using ceiling damping control algorithm and linear quadratic optimal control algorithm respectively. The displacement and acceleration control effects of the two methods are compared by dynamic simulation analysis. Select the most effective as the helicopter seat system controller. The helicopter seat system models of passive control, active control and magneto-rheological damper semi-active control are established in Simulink environment, which are excited by step displacement, respectively. The vibration absorption and shock resistance of seat system are simulated and analyzed under sinusoidal displacement excitation and impulse force excitation. With the acceleration of seat suspension load mass as the evaluation index, the effects of semi-active control and other control methods are compared, and it is proved that semi-active control can significantly reduce vibration and shock. The effect of the change of seat system parameters on the semi-active control effect is analyzed. According to the seat system model, a helicopter seat system control performance test platform was built. Based on xPC Target real-time control technology, the response of seat suspension mass acceleration under step displacement excitation was measured. The experimental results show that the designed magneto-rheological damper semi-active control seat system has obvious damping effect and provides guidance for the design of helicopter seat system.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：V275.1;TB535

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