地质与地貌条件对岩溶系统的控制与指示

发布时间：2018-05-06 12:29

本文选题：地质与地貌 + 岩溶系统　；参考：《水文地质工程地质》2016年05期

【摘要】：岩溶系统的发育与分布在很大程度受地层、构造、地形和地貌条件等因素的综合控制与影响,地层因素包括可溶岩的矿物组分、结构及其与其他岩性地层的组合关系,矿物组分和结构决定了岩石的可溶性、孔隙度和渗透率,并影响岩溶发育的进程;根据岩性组合特征,可将同一地层划分,或将不同地层合并为含水层、隔水层或弱透水层。构造因素包括褶皱、断裂和裂隙,褶皱和断裂控制了岩溶水流系统的内部结构和边界特征,而层面、节理和小型裂隙组成的三维裂隙网络是岩溶水流入渗的优先通道,也是岩溶发育的先导。尽管大型岩溶地下河系统的发育与分布与地形无关,但地形控制了区域水文基准面,进而控制了岩溶发育的深度以及地下水的排泄模式,而且根据地形调查可确定外源水的边界范围。岩溶地貌和岩溶形态发育既是地质条件的集中反映,同时又可为地下岩溶空间发育和岩溶水流分布提供指示,但有些岩溶地貌和形态是古岩溶作用的产物,与现代岩溶水文系统并不发生直接联系,因此,岩溶地质调查还应综合分析区域地质和地貌演化史。
[Abstract]:The development and distribution of karst system are controlled and influenced by stratigraphic, structural, topographic and geomorphological conditions to a large extent. Stratigraphic factors include mineral composition, structure and association with other lithostratigraphic strata of soluble rock. Mineral composition and structure determine the solubility, porosity and permeability of rock, and affect the process of karst development. According to the characteristics of lithologic assemblage, the same strata can be divided into aquifer, water-isolated layer or weak permeable layer. Structural factors include folds, faults and fissures, which control the internal structure and boundary characteristics of karst water flow system, while the three dimensional fracture network composed of joints and small fractures is the preferred channel for karst flow infiltration. It is also the forerunner of karst development. Although the development and distribution of the large-scale karst underground river system is independent of the topography, the topography controls the regional hydrological datum level, and then controls the depth of karst development and the discharge model of groundwater. Moreover, the boundary range of exogenous water can be determined according to the topographic survey. The development of karst geomorphology and karst morphology is not only a concentrated reflection of geological conditions, but also provides an indication for the development of underground karst space and the distribution of karst water flow. However, some karst landforms and forms are the products of paleokarst process. It is not directly related to the modern karst hydrological system, therefore, the karst geological survey should also comprehensively analyze the regional geological and geomorphologic evolution history.
【作者单位】：中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/国土资源部广西壮族自治区岩溶动力学重点实验室;广西壮族自治区地质环境监测总站;
【基金】：国土资源公益性行业科研专项(201411100) 国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAJ11B00) 岩溶所基本科研业务费项目(2010005)
【分类号】：P642.25

【相似文献】