变质量动力吸振器的控制策略研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 17:35

本文选题：吸振器 + 振动控制　；参考：《长安大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：机械振动会造成很大的负面影响，动力吸振器为最常用的振动控制方法，其本质是在原有振动系统上安装一个质量—阻尼—弹簧元件组成的附加振动系统，适当地调节附加系统的固有频率，将原振动系统的振动能量转移到附加系统，以减低原振动系统在该频率处的振动。本文研究了一种新型动力吸振器—变质量动力吸振器，通过调整吸振器质量实现对吸振器固有频率的调整，达到主振系统减振的目的。建立了变质量动力吸振器模型，分析了吸振器减振性能影响参数，设计和验证了动力吸振器变质量控制算法。论文的主要工作和研究成果如下：为了研究系统振动响应特性，在单自由度、二自由度系统振动理论的基础上，建立了动力吸振器动力学模型，研究了其受迫振动时动力学响应特性，在理论上，动力吸振器的减振性能与系统阻尼、质量、刚度以及外界激振的频率有关。为了研究变质量动力吸振器吸振的性能，建立了变质量动力吸振器的动力学模型，研究了主振器与变质量吸振器的耦合关系，利用Newmark积分方法对动力学方程进行求解，在此基础上，讨论了吸振器质量变化对主振系统的瞬态、稳态响应的影响，研究表明，对于某一个激振频率来说，存在一个最佳的质量使主振系统的减振效果最好，在一定范围内，吸振器质量偏离最佳质量越大，，吸振效果越差；另外，不同激振频率所对应的最佳吸振器质量不同，为变质量振动控制策略的研究提供了理论依据。为了实现不同激振频率下变质量振动控制，提出了模糊控制与PID控制相结合的变质量控制策略，并在Simulink环境下对控制算法进行了仿真，实验结果表明，采用这种控制策略主振系统达到稳定时间较短，稳定时振动幅值较小。为了验证控制策略的有效性，搭建了由主振系统、吸振器、测量模块、控制单元以及执行机构组成的变质量振动控制实验台，进行了系统的硬件、软件设计，通过实验验证了变质量吸振器模型以及控制策略的正确性与可行性，为工程应用奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:Mechanical vibration can cause great negative effects. Dynamic vibration absorber is the most commonly used vibration control method. Its essence is to install an additional vibration system composed of mass-damp-spring elements on the original vibration system. The natural frequency of the additional system is adjusted properly and the vibration energy of the original vibration system is transferred to the additional system in order to reduce the vibration of the original vibration system at this frequency. In this paper, a new type of dynamic vibration absorber, variable mass dynamic vibration absorber, is studied. By adjusting the mass of the absorber, the natural frequency of the absorber can be adjusted to achieve the purpose of damping the vibration of the main vibration system. The model of dynamic vibration absorber with variable mass is established, the influence parameters of vibration absorption performance are analyzed, and the variable quality control algorithm of dynamic vibration absorber is designed and verified. The main work and research results are as follows: In order to study the vibration response characteristics of the system, based on the vibration theory of single degree of freedom and two degrees of freedom, the dynamic model of the dynamic vibration absorber is established, and the dynamic response of the dynamic response to the forced vibration is studied. The damping performance of the dynamic vibration absorber is related to the system damping, mass, stiffness and the frequency of external vibration. In order to study the performance of variable mass dynamic vibration absorber, the dynamic model of variable mass dynamic absorber is established, and the coupling relationship between main vibration absorber and variable mass vibration absorber is studied. The dynamic equation is solved by Newmark integral method. On this basis, the effect of mass variation of vibration absorber on the transient and steady response of the main vibration system is discussed. In a certain range, the greater the mass deviation from the optimal mass, the worse the vibration absorption effect. In addition, the different vibration frequency corresponding to the optimal vibration absorber quality is different, which provides a theoretical basis for the study of variable mass vibration control strategy. In order to realize the variable mass vibration control under different exciting frequencies, a variable quality control strategy combining fuzzy control and PID control is proposed, and the control algorithm is simulated under the Simulink environment. The experimental results show that, Using this control strategy, the stabilization time of the main vibration system is shorter and the vibration amplitude is smaller. In order to verify the effectiveness of the control strategy, a variable mass vibration control experiment platform composed of main vibration system, vibration absorber, measurement module, control unit and actuator is built. The hardware and software of the system are designed. The correctness and feasibility of the model and control strategy of variable mass vibration absorber are verified by experiments, which lays a foundation for engineering application.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB535.1

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