基于室内声场理论的空调器室内噪声特性研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 20:39

本文选题：空调器 + 噪声　；参考：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：过高的空调设备噪声会对室内人员造成不利影响。目前空调设备的噪声数据都是在专门的消声实验室获得的，这个数据与具体的建筑室内的噪声值存在差异。之所以出现差异是因为实验室测得噪声只包括直达声，而具体建筑室内的噪声既有直达声，也有混响声。因此，弄清楚空调器室内噪声的分布和组成，特别是室内混响对空调器噪声影响，不仅能为相关空调设备噪声标准的修订提供依据，也能为实际工程中的噪声控制提供参考。本文以办公室内空调器噪声为研究对象，首先对一个单人办公室内空调噪声进行了测试，一方面弄清室内噪声分布特点，另一方面对室内声场求解，求得直达声和混响声的分布；继而，对比研究了三个不同大小房间内的室内声场，求得混响声引起的设备噪声的增加值；最后，考虑多噪声源的室内混响问题，计算了室内两个典型噪声值（最近测点噪声——可认为是室内最大噪声、混响声——可认为是室内最小噪声）与实验室噪声测量值的差异。论文主要结论如下： ①空调器室内噪声分布存在不均匀性：贴近壁面1m以内出现近壁面加强效应，增加量为3到4dB(A)；噪声在室内长、宽方向上都随与声源距离的增加，强度下降，长度方向上的下降趋势先快后慢。 ②对单人办公室空调器噪声室内声场进行非线性求解，结果表明：在距离空调器一定范围内，直达声和混响声都对总噪声有贡献；当距离超过某一临界距离时，，直达声小于混响声10dB(A)以上，此时直达声相对混响声来说可以忽略不计；四档风速下的临界距离均小于房间长度。 ③空调器的最近测点处，由于室内混响造成的噪声增加量ΔLp，在不同风速档位下分布在1.9到3.2dB(A)。另外，在三个房间的对比实验中，不同房间的ΔLp值分布在2.6到3.9dB(A)，且房间越小ΔLp值越大。这说明室内混响对空调器噪声起到加强的作用，且房间越小加强作用越大。 ④在考虑噪声源数量和房间面积两个因素后，落地式空调器的ΔLp介于[2,5]dB(A)，且随着房间面积和空调器台数的增加，趋近于[3,4]dB(A)；嵌入式和吊顶式空调器的ΔLp介于[4,7]dB(A)，随着房间面积和空调器台数的增加，趋近于[5,6]dB(A)。对比落地式与嵌入式和吊顶式空调器，后者的ΔLp值大于前者，相同条件下约相差2dB(A)。
[Abstract]:Excessive noise of air conditioning equipment will have a negative impact on indoor personnel. At present, the noise data of air conditioning equipment are obtained in the special noise control laboratory, which is different from the noise value of the specific building room. The difference is due to the fact that the noise measured in the laboratory only includes direct sound, and the noise in the building is both direct sound and reverberation sound. Therefore, to find out the distribution and composition of indoor noise of air conditioner, especially the influence of indoor reverberation on noise of air conditioner, can not only provide the basis for the revision of noise standard of relevant air conditioning equipment, but also provide a reference for the noise control in practical engineering. In this paper, the noise of air conditioner in office is studied. Firstly, the noise of air conditioner in a single office is tested. On the one hand, the characteristics of indoor noise distribution are clarified; on the other hand, the indoor sound field is solved. The distribution of direct sound and reverberation sound is obtained. Then, the indoor sound field in three different size rooms is comparatively studied, and the added value of equipment noise caused by reverberation is obtained. Finally, the problem of indoor reverberation with multiple noise sources is considered. The difference between two typical indoor noise values (the most recent measurement point noise can be considered as the largest indoor noise and the mixing noise as the minimum noise) and the laboratory noise measurement values are calculated. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the indoor noise distribution of air conditioner is uneven: the near wall enhancement effect appears within 1 m close to the wall, the increase amount is 3 to 4 dBX, and the intensity of the noise decreases with the increase of the distance between the noise and the sound source in the indoor length and wide direction, and the intensity of the noise decreases with the increase of the distance between the noise and the sound source. The downward trend in the length direction is faster then slower. The results show that both direct sound and reverberation contribute to the total noise in a certain range of distance air conditioners, and when the distance exceeds a certain critical distance, The direct sound is smaller than the reverberation sound (10 dB), and the direct sound can be ignored relative to the reverberation, and the critical distance under the four wind speed is smaller than the room length. (3) at the nearest measuring point of the air conditioner, the noise increment 螖 L _ p caused by indoor reverberation is distributed in the range of 1.9 ~ 3.2dB ~ (-1) in different wind speed gear. In addition, in the contrast experiment of three rooms, the 螖 LP values of different rooms are distributed from 2.6 to 3.9 dBU, and the smaller the room is, the larger the 螖 LP value is. This indicates that indoor reverberation plays an important role in enhancing the noise of air conditioner, and the smaller the room is, the greater the strengthening effect is. (4) after considering the number of noise sources and the room area, the 螖 LP of the floor air conditioner is between [2 ~ 5] dB _ (An), and with the increase of room area and the number of air conditioners, The 螖 LP of the embedded and suspended air conditioners is between [4 ~ 7] dB _ (An) and the number of air conditioners increases with the increase of room area and the number of air conditioners. The 螖 LP value of the latter is larger than that of the former, and the difference is about 2 dBX AU under the same conditions.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB533;TU831

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