R290和R32制冷空调系统火灾危险性的理论及实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 12:12

本文选题：R290 + R32　；参考：《天津大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：目前家用空调器中使用的制冷剂主要是R22和R410A,但这两种制冷剂存在ODP值或GWP值高的缺点。从环保的角度来说,这两种制冷剂需要被替代。R290、R32是两种潜在的替代制冷剂,但这两种制冷剂均是可燃的。本文对R290、R32两种可燃制冷剂的火灾危险性开展了研究。使用20L球爆炸实验装置,研究了R290、R32的爆炸参数,包括不同浓度时的爆炸压力、爆炸压力上升速率、初始压力提高后R290的爆炸压力等。结果表明初始压力为常压时,R32的最大爆炸压力比R290略高。建立了用于模拟普通公寓主卧室、次卧室的实验房间。对分体壁挂式空调器使用R290制冷剂发生泄漏后,在房间内的浓度分布情况进行了实验研究。浓度分布实验用以确定R290泄漏后与空气形成的燃爆的范围。结果表明,燃爆区域仅在于室内机附近区域。在实验房间内开展了R290发生燃爆后果的实验研究。R290泄漏结束后遇到引火源可能会发生爆炸,但爆炸的最大超压约为6.5 kPa。爆炸超压未对房间的门、窗造成明显损坏。R290泄漏过程中遇到引火源可能会发生持续燃烧,从而会引燃室内机自身。这种情况下会产生的大量有毒有害烟气,对房间内的人员造成很大损害。使用家具量热器研究了外部火引燃空调室内机的后果。结果表明外部火引燃室内机后,使用R290制冷剂的空调器与未充注制冷剂相比总放热量提高了约12%。热释放速率峰值约为1000kW。室内机塑料外壳是发热量、发烟量的主要来源。研究了使用R290制冷剂后,室外机发生泄漏后的燃爆后果。发生在室外机附近的燃爆不会对周围相邻的室外机造成明显损坏。但R290泄漏过程中遇到引火源会发生持续燃烧,从而将室外机自身烧毁。研究了空调系统充注R290、R22等情况下,室内机被引燃后的生成物。开展实验测定了CO2、CO生成量。分析了典型含氟制冷剂在燃烧或热分解作用下生成HF的情况。
[Abstract]:At present, the refrigerants R22 and R410A are mainly used in domestic air conditioners, but these two refrigerants have the disadvantages of high ODP or GWP values. In environmental terms, these two refrigerants need to be replaced. R290 / R32 is two potential alternative refrigerants, but both are combustible. In this paper, the fire hazard of two kinds of flammable refrigerants, R290 and R32, is studied. The explosion parameters of R290 and R32 were studied by using a 20L ball explosion device, including the explosion pressure at different concentrations, the rate of explosion pressure rise, and the explosion pressure of R290 after the initial pressure was increased. The results show that the maximum explosion pressure of R32 is slightly higher than that of R290 when the initial pressure is normal. An experimental room was established to simulate the master bedroom and secondary bedroom of the common apartment. The concentration distribution in the room of split wall mounted air conditioner after leakage with R290 refrigerant was studied experimentally. Concentration distribution experiments are used to determine the range of explosions formed with air after the R290 leak. The results show that the explosion area lies only in the area near the indoor unit. An experimental study on the consequences of R290 explosion was carried out in the experimental room. The explosion may occur after the end of the R290 leak, but the maximum overpressure of the explosion is about 6.5 KPA. The explosion overpressure does not cause obvious damage to the door and window of the room. During the leakage of R290, the ignition source may continue to burn, thus igniting the indoor unit itself. A large amount of toxic and harmful smoke will be produced in this case, causing great damage to the personnel in the room. Using furniture calorimeter, the effect of external fire ignition on indoor air conditioning unit is studied. The results show that the total heat release of the air conditioner with R290 refrigerant is about 12% higher than that of the unfilled refrigerant after external fire ignition. The peak heat release rate is about 1000kW. Indoor machine plastic shell is the main source of heat and smoke. The consequences of explosion after leakage of outdoor unit with R290 refrigerant were studied. The explosion near the outdoor unit will not cause obvious damage to the adjacent outdoor unit. However, during the R290 leakage process, the fire source will burn continuously, which will destroy the outdoor unit itself. Under the condition that the air conditioning system is filled with R290 and R22, the combustible product of the indoor unit is studied. Co _ 2 CO _ 2 production was determined experimentally. The formation of HF from typical fluorine-containing refrigerants under combustion or thermal decomposition was analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TB657.2

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