冰箱压缩机噪声机理分析及降噪研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 17:00

本文选题：活塞式压缩机 + 消声器　；参考：《合肥工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：压缩机是冰箱的动力源，同时也是噪声的主要来源。随着时代的发展进步生活质量的提高，人们对家用电器各方面性能的要求也越来越高，不但要求家电节能高效率，噪音和振动水平也受到很大的重视。因此，提高家用电器的效率、减低其振动和噪声水平，才能提高市场的占有率。本文在分析了活塞式压缩机噪声发生机理和传递路径的基础上，分别研究了压缩机曲柄滑块机构扰流噪声、电磁噪声、轴承噪声、进排气噪声等，得出了进气噪声是压缩机噪声的主要来源，并且在630Hz、3150Hz频段噪声幅值较大，为压缩机进一步降噪研究奠定了基础。对压缩机进气消声器的声学性能、流体特性等进行了进一步研究。通过声学有限元仿真，计算其传递损失；然后通过改变结构参数，如：消声器扩张室级数、隔板位置、主气流通道位置、内插管长度等，寻找最优的消声组合；计算了消声器的阻力特性，得出了影响压力损失的主要因素，通过改进有效地提高了消声器的综合性能。以阻抗管测量材料声阻抗的原理为基础，搭建了四传声器法测量消声器传递损失试验台，使用过渡锥形管，解决了消声器进排气孔径与阻抗管管径不一致的问题，并去除锥形管传递损失的影响，得到消声器自身的传递损失曲线。试验结果与仿真数据具有较好的一致性，一方面验证了仿真分析的可行性，同时说明了改进后消声器消声性能的提高。对压缩机进行试验模态分析，提取了压缩机壳体前七阶模态参数。压缩机模态频率主要集中高频段，其中3000Hz左右模态集中，确定了压缩机整体噪音在3150Hz频段内噪音较大的原因。另外压缩机振动的薄弱环节主要在上下壳体的焊接处，压缩机内部4000Hz左右的振动也会激励起压缩机壳体顶部的振动。试验结果为压缩机壳体的优化提供了参考。
[Abstract]:Compressor is the power source of refrigerator, but also the main source of noise. With the development of the times and the improvement of the quality of life, the requirements for the performance of all aspects of household appliances are becoming more and more high, not only requires the household appliances to save energy and high efficiency, but also the level of noise and vibration has been attached great importance. Therefore, to improve the efficiency of household appliances, reduce its vibration and noise level, can increase the market share. Based on the analysis of the noise generation mechanism and transfer path of piston compressor, the scrambling noise, electromagnetic noise, bearing noise, intake and exhaust noise of crank slider mechanism of compressor are studied respectively in this paper. It is concluded that the intake noise is the main source of compressor noise, and the noise amplitude is large in the frequency range of 630 Hz ~ 3150 Hz, which lays a foundation for further research on the compressor noise reduction. The acoustic performance and fluid characteristics of compressor intake muffler are further studied. The transmission loss is calculated by acoustic finite element simulation, and the optimal combination is found by changing the structural parameters, such as the expansion chamber series of the muffler, the location of the separator, the position of the main airflow passage, the length of the intubation, etc. The resistance characteristics of the muffler are calculated and the main factors affecting the pressure loss are obtained. The comprehensive performance of the muffler is improved effectively through improvement. Based on the principle of measuring material acoustic impedance by impedance tube, a four-microphone test rig was built to measure the transmission loss of muffler. The problem of the inconsistency between the inlet and exhaust aperture of muffler and the diameter of impedance tube was solved by using the transition cone tube. The transmission loss curve of the muffler is obtained by removing the influence of the transmission loss of the cone tube. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation data. On the one hand, the feasibility of simulation analysis is verified, and the improved muffler noise performance is improved. The first seven order modal parameters of compressor shell were extracted by modal analysis of compressor. The compressor modal frequency is mainly concentrated in the high frequency range, in which 3000Hz mode concentration, determine the compressor overall noise in the 3150Hz frequency band noise larger reasons. In addition, the weak link of compressor vibration is mainly in the welding place of upper and lower shell, and the vibration of 4000Hz inside the compressor will also stimulate the vibration of the top of the compressor shell. The test results provide a reference for the optimization of compressor shell.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB657.4;TB535

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