高精度超声波测距系统的研究与设计

发布时间：2018-05-21 14:10

本文选题：超声波 + 高精度测距　；参考：《西南石油大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济社会的飞速发展,科技自动化水平不断提高,各类工业控制、智能壁障、智能机器人、工业自动化等领域对高精度测距提出了严格的要求。然而传统的超声波测距仪器由于自身的局限性并不能满足某些应用领域的需求,这促使我们要研制出测距精度更高的设备。本文在理论分析阶段对传统的超声波测距的各种方法进行了理论分析和比较,根据设计的复杂度和成本因素,选择时差法作为本系统的基本测量原理。由于温度对测距误差影响严重,在系统中增加温度检测模块,实时检测环境温度,并对测距系统进行温度补偿。系统选用超声波收发独立的传感器作为系统前端,以40KHz脉冲作为发射驱动。系统以Xilinx公司的FPGA芯片作为测距系统的主控芯片,通过对实际发射电路、接收电路以及测量算法进行了改进,实现了高精度距离测量,LCD液晶显示器能够实时显示测量的距离值。系统开机以后实时测量距离,每0.1s测量一次,测量五次取一次平均值用于显示。为了方便系统扩展应用,增加了串口通信模块,可以将采集到的温度和距离值实时上传至计算机或其他嵌入式设备。系统设计主要从硬件设计、软件设计和系统测试三个方面进行说明。在硬件设计中,首先介绍了系统元器件的选型、然后介绍了超声波发射电路设计、超声波接收电路设计、温度采集电路设计、系统显示模块设计等。在软件设计中,首先从系统角度分析了各个功能模块软件的构成,然后逐个功能模块进行详细设计、仿真等。在系统实际场景测试阶段,主要将系统硬件结构组合,搭建测试环境,然后从三个测试方案进行实际硬件测试,包括长距离测距测试,短距离测距测试、加障碍物距离测试。该系统测量精度达到2mm以内,盲区3cm,最大量程达到200cm。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our country's economy and society, the level of science and technology automation has been improved continuously, and all kinds of industrial control, intelligent barrier, intelligent robot, industrial automation and other fields have put forward strict requirements for high-precision ranging. However, the traditional ultrasonic ranging instrument can not meet the needs of some applications due to its own limitations, which urges us to develop a more accurate ranging equipment. In this paper, the traditional ultrasonic ranging methods are theoretically analyzed and compared in the stage of theoretical analysis. According to the design complexity and cost factors, the moveout method is chosen as the basic measuring principle of the system. Because of the serious influence of temperature on ranging error, the temperature detection module is added to the system to detect the environmental temperature in real time, and the temperature compensation of the ranging system is carried out. The system selects the ultrasonic transceiver independent sensor as the system front end and the 40KHz pulse as the transmission drive. The FPGA chip of Xilinx company is used as the main control chip of the ranging system. By improving the actual transmitting circuit, receiving circuit and measuring algorithm, the high precision range measuring LCD display can display the measured range value in real time. After the system is turned on, the distance is measured once every 0.1 s, and the average value is taken five times for display. In order to facilitate the application of the system, a serial communication module is added, which can upload the collected temperature and distance to the computer or other embedded devices in real time. System design mainly from hardware design, software design and system testing three aspects to explain. In the hardware design, the selection of system components is introduced first, and then the design of ultrasonic emission circuit, ultrasonic receiving circuit, temperature acquisition circuit, system display module and so on are introduced. In the software design, the software structure of each functional module is analyzed from the system point of view, and then the detailed design and simulation of each functional module are carried out. In the testing stage of the system actual scene, the hardware structure of the system is combined and the testing environment is built. Then, the actual hardware testing is carried out from three test schemes, including long-distance ranging test, short-range ranging test and obstacle distance testing. The measuring accuracy of the system is within 2mm, the blind area is 3 cm, and the maximum measuring range is 200 cm.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB553

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