基于混沌遗传算法的车间设备动态布局多目标优化研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 07:33

本文选题：动态设备布局 + 多目标优化　；参考：《西安建筑科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：车间设备布局是制造系统规划中最重要的研究内容之一,布局设计的好坏对生产过程中的物料传输、生产效益、生产安全等均有较大影响。在柔性化生产环境背景下,传统的静态设备布局不考虑市场动态需求特性,布局成本高,难以满足现在企业的布局要求,因此,对车间动态设备布局问题的研究具有很重要的现实意义。实际布局问题不仅复杂而且多样,形成一套完整、系统的动态设备布局优化模型与方法非常迫切。本文针对多品种、小批量生产模式的制造车间,结合计算机技术,完成车间生产线的优化布置。本文首先对车间布局问题的国内外研究现状进行了综述,主要围绕布局形式、布局建模方法、求解算法、计算机辅助布局这四个方面展开,重点阐述了动态设备布局的研究现状,为后文布局模型的建立、求解算法的设计提供了理论支撑。在建立动态设备布局多目标优化模型时,本文以多行直线型布局为研究对象,将物料搬运成本、设备重置成本、车间面积利用率作为优化目标,并确定了设备布局需满足的约束条件,在此基础上,建立了连续平面不等面积设备的混合整数规划模型。在求解动态布局问题模型时,本文分析了遗传算法与混沌技术的基本理论、运算过程以及两种算法的集成方法,并设计了一种行之有效的混沌遗传算法来求解。该混合算法继承了遗传算法的反演性和混沌搜索的遍历性,克服了遗传算法局部寻优能力差较易陷入局部最优的问题,大大提高了搜索速度和全局收敛性,非常适合应用于求解设备布局问题。由于目前的研究在求解模型时都是将实例带入算法程序内部,工作量大,效率低,本文利用Java语言开发了布局优化快捷计算工具,进行计算机辅助车间布局设计,借助此工具添加算法即可进行实例求解。最后,在此工具的基础上,对兰州某机械加工车间的设备布局进行优化,优化结果表明本文提出的动态设备布局方法能起到明显的降低生产成本、提高车间利用率的作用。同时,将本文设计的混沌遗传算法与改进遗传算法、NSGA-II、蚁群算法分别求解同一车间实例,最终证明了该混合算法的可行性与有效性。
[Abstract]:The layout of workshop equipment is one of the most important research contents in manufacturing system planning. The quality of layout design has great influence on material transmission, production benefit and production safety in the process of production. In the context of flexible production environment, the traditional static equipment layout does not consider the characteristics of market dynamic demand, the layout cost is high, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of the present enterprise layout. It is of great practical significance to study the layout of dynamic equipment in workshop. The practical layout problem is not only complex and diverse, but also forms a complete set of dynamic equipment layout optimization models and methods. In this paper, the optimal layout of workshop production line is completed by combining computer technology with multi-variety and small-batch production workshop. Firstly, this paper summarizes the present situation of workshop layout problems at home and abroad, mainly focusing on four aspects: layout form, layout modeling method, solution algorithm, computer aided layout. The research status of dynamic equipment layout is described in detail, which provides theoretical support for the establishment of layout model and the design of solution algorithm. When establishing the multi-objective optimization model of dynamic equipment layout, this paper takes the multi-line linear layout as the research object, taking the material handling cost, the equipment replacement cost and the workshop area utilization ratio as the optimization objectives. On the basis of this, the mixed integer programming model of continuous plane unequal area equipment is established. In solving the dynamic layout problem model, this paper analyzes the basic theory of genetic algorithm and chaos technology, the operation process and the integration method of the two algorithms, and designs an effective chaotic genetic algorithm to solve the problem. The hybrid algorithm inherits the inversion property of genetic algorithm and the ergodicity of chaotic search. It overcomes the problem that the poor local optimization ability of genetic algorithm is easy to fall into local optimum, and greatly improves the search speed and global convergence. It is very suitable for solving device layout problems. Because the current research in solving the model is to bring examples into the algorithm program, the workload is large, the efficiency is low, this paper develops the layout optimization quick calculation tool by using Java language, carries on the computer aided workshop layout design. With the help of this tool, we can add an algorithm to solve the problem. Finally, on the basis of this tool, the equipment layout of a machining workshop in Lanzhou is optimized. The optimization results show that the dynamic equipment layout method proposed in this paper can obviously reduce the production cost and improve the workshop utilization ratio. At the same time, the chaotic genetic algorithm and improved genetic algorithm NSGA-IIand Ant Colony algorithm are used to solve the same workshop respectively, which proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the hybrid algorithm.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP18;TB491

【参考文献】