多级单阀膨胀机的理论与实验研究
本文选题:压缩空气储能 + 活塞式膨胀机 ; 参考:《中国科学院研究生院(工程热物理研究所)》2014年硕士论文
【摘要】:储能技术是能源领域的研发热点。其中,压缩空气储能技术(CAES)具有功率范围广、寿命长、存储时间不受限制、环境友好等优点,已经成为当前储能技术的重要研究方向。 压缩空气储能系统主要分为储能和释能两个子系统,作为释能子系统的关键部件,多级膨胀机的工作特性直接影响储能系统出功及效率的高低。按照结构形式的不同,多级膨胀机可以分为容积式和透平式两种。在容积式膨胀机中,单阀活塞膨胀机具有结构简单、压比高、易于调节控制等优点,尤其适用于微小型压缩空气储能系统。本文通过数值模拟分析和实验研究方法,研究了单阀膨胀机的热力学特性,以及膨胀机的内部流场,并分析各种结构参数与运行参数对膨胀机系统性能的影响规律。主要研究内容包括: 1.根据单阀膨胀机的理论循环特性,结合小型超临界压缩空气储能系统的要求,对其进行了热力设计及过程模拟,分析了缸内状态参数随曲轴转角的变化规律及不同结构、运行参数对膨胀机整体性能的影响。 2.对单阀膨胀机气缸内部流场结构进行了数值模拟,研究了缸内特性参数随曲轴转角的变化规律,得到了不同曲轴转角时的流动细节及其内部流动损失机理,为开展膨胀机气缸优化设计提供了理论依据。 3.研究了单阀膨胀机配气机构设计方法,提出进气阀运动控制方法并完成配气机构设计;改进了膨胀机飞轮设计方法,改进后的设计方法能够更加精确、高效地计算飞轮矩。 4.搭建单阀膨胀机实验台并开展实验研究,测试得到其实际工作特性,讨论其特性参数随转速的变化规律。同时将实验结果与理论分析结果进行对比,在验证数值分析方法的同时为更深入的理论与实验研究提供参考和依据。
[Abstract]:Energy storage technology is the research and development hotspot in the field of energy. Among them, compressed air energy storage technology (CAESs) has the advantages of wide power range, long life, unlimited storage time, environmental friendliness, etc. Compressed air energy storage system is mainly divided into two subsystems, energy storage and energy release, as the key components of energy release subsystem. The working characteristics of multistage expander directly affect the power output and efficiency of energy storage system. According to the different structure, multistage expander can be divided into two types: volume type and turbine type. In the volumetric expander, the single valve piston expander has the advantages of simple structure, high pressure ratio, easy to adjust and control, etc. It is especially suitable for micro compressed air energy storage system. In this paper, the thermodynamic characteristics of the single valve expander and the internal flow field of the expander are studied by means of numerical simulation and experimental study. The influence of various structural parameters and operation parameters on the performance of the expander system is analyzed. The main contents are as follows: 1. According to the theoretical cycle characteristics of single valve expander and the requirements of small supercritical compressed air energy storage system, the thermodynamic design and process simulation are carried out, and the variation law and different structure of state parameters in cylinder with crankshaft rotation angle are analyzed. Operation parameters on the overall performance of the expander. 2. The flow field structure in the cylinder of a single valve expander is numerically simulated. The variation of the characteristic parameters with the crankshaft rotation angle is studied. The flow details and the internal flow loss mechanism of different crankshaft rotation angles are obtained. It provides a theoretical basis for the optimal design of the expander cylinder. The design method of valve distribution mechanism of single valve expander is studied, the control method of inlet valve motion and the design of valve distribution mechanism are put forward, and the design method of flywheel is improved. The improved design method can calculate flywheel moment more accurately and efficiently. The experimental platform of single valve expander was set up and the experimental study was carried out. The actual working characteristics were obtained and the variation law of characteristic parameters with rotating speed was discussed. At the same time, the experimental results are compared with the theoretical analysis results, which provides a reference and basis for further theoretical and experimental research while validating the numerical analysis method.
【学位授予单位】:中国科学院研究生院(工程热物理研究所)
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:TB653
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