爆炸二极管的作用机理与应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-11 12:16

本文选题：高温爆破 + 爆炸二极管　；参考：《中国科学技术大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：工程爆破是经济建设一项关键技术,广泛应用于交通、水利、煤炭、冶金等诸多国民经济领域。然而高温、火区环境等恶劣环境下的爆破却很有可能由于炸药的早爆、误爆带来极大的人员财产损失。国内外,就高温火区环境提出了不少解决方案,如火区灭火降温、耐高温炸药、耐高温爆破器材。但是较少人研究当早爆发生时如何降低早爆损失。课题组结合军用爆炸逻辑网络,设计一种工业用的起爆逻辑网路,其核心是使用课题组设计的一种爆炸二极管。本文设计并优化了的爆炸二极管是一种能够实现稳定传递从主起爆网路而来的正向爆轰信号顺利起爆炮孔装药,可靠阻断从个别炮孔意外早爆反向传递而来的反向爆轰信号保护主起爆网路功能的单向传爆元件。该爆炸二极管利用传火元件作为隔爆器件这一核心设计思想,以延期体作为正向中传火元件,反向中隔爆元件,延期体是一种内含延期药铅柱。在正向传爆中,利用延期体点燃激发药,产生高速飞片撞击传爆药,完成正向爆轰信号传递;反向隔爆中,传爆药爆轰撞击飞片,激发药爆轰,然后被阻隔在延期体处。本文除了设计该爆炸二极管,还对其进行了参数优化,通过正反对称装药结构,设计激发药极限药量实验,给出100%传爆率下的激发药极限药量20mg;设计延期体临界尺寸实验,给出100%隔爆率下的延期体临界尺寸4.2mm。通过进行传爆药药量实验,得到传爆药药量决定于激发药的药量的结论。在实验和爆轰波基本原理结合非均质炸药冲击起爆机理基础上,进行了爆炸二极管的机理研究,提出了正向传爆数学模型和反向隔爆数学模型。将正向传爆分为3个阶段,给出了激发药药量和飞片速度定量关系,通过定义正向传爆稳定系数,给出了激发药药量和稳定系数间的定量关系,实验和计算结果都显示在激发药药量在20mg之上时,都能保证近100%的稳定性;将反向隔爆分为3个阶段,通过定义反向隔爆可靠系数,给出了延期体长度与可靠系数间的定量关系,实验和计算结果都显示在延期体长度在4.20mm之上时,都能保证近100%的可靠性。通过建立上述两个数学模型,给出了爆炸二极管机理分析,证明爆炸二极管整体的稳定传爆性和可靠隔爆性,为其在工业上的运用和推广提供了可靠的理论依据。考虑到理论是一维的,采用燃烧增长模型结合LS-DYNA软件,进行了爆炸二极管的三维正向传爆和反向隔爆数值模拟,获得更多的细节。特别是针对正向传爆中激发药药量和反向隔爆中延期体的长度进行了细致的探讨,补充第四章理论计算细节展现上的不足,展现传爆药和导爆索中的爆轰发展过程。激发药药量决定了正向传爆的稳定性,药量越大,飞片速度也就越大,同时进入传爆药的初始撞击压力也越大,自然容易正向起爆。结果显示激发药药量低于10mg,正向传爆必然失败,高于20mg,传爆药才能在终面达到临界压力,传爆成功。延期体长度决定了反向隔爆的可靠性,长度越长,冲击波衰减程度越大,在导爆索中产生的撞击压力越小,越容易反向隔爆成功。结果显示延期体长度低于4mm,反向隔爆必然失败,高于5mm,隔爆必然成功。进行了飞片测速实验,飞片速度实验值和模拟值在低药量较为一致,实验值和理论值在高药量差距较大的原因是理论没有考虑飞片破损以及侧向爆轰气体溢出的影响。
[Abstract]:Engineering blasting is a key technology in economic construction, which is widely used in many national economic fields, such as transportation, water conservancy, coal, metallurgy and so on. However, the explosion in the harsh environment such as high temperature, fire area and so on is likely to be caused by the early explosion of explosives, which brings great loss of personnel property. At home and abroad, many solutions have been put forward on the environment of high temperature fire area. The scheme, such as fire extinguishing and cooling, high temperature resistant explosive and high temperature blasting equipment. But few people study how to reduce early explosion loss when early detonating occurs. The project group combines military explosion logic network to design an industrial explosive logic network, its core is to use a kind of explosive diode set up by the project group. This paper has designed and optimized this paper. The explosive diode is a kind of unidirectional detonating element that can reliably pass the forward detonation signal from the main detonating network, which can reliably block the function of the main detonating network to protect the main detonating network. In this core design, the delay body is used as the forward fire element, the reverse medium explosion-proof element and the delay body are a kind of delayed lead column. In the forward detonation, the delay body is used to ignite the excitation drug, and the high speed flyer impact detonator can be produced to complete the forward detonation signal transmission; in the reverse flameproof, the detonation bombardment impact the flyer and stimulate the explosive. In addition to the design of the explosion diode, this paper also optimizes the parameters of the explosive diode. Through the positive and negative symmetrical charge structure, the ultimate dose experiment of the excitation drug is designed, and the limit charge 20mg of the excitation drug under the 100% transmission rate is given. The critical size experiment of the delay body is designed and the critical size of the delay body under the 100% explosion rate is given. Through the experiment of the dose of detonating drug, 4.2mm. has obtained the conclusion that the amount of the explosive charge is determined by the amount of the stimulant. On the basis of the experiment and the basic principle of detonation wave, the mechanism of the explosion diode is studied on the basis of the impact initiation mechanism of the inhomogeneous explosive, and the forward detonating mathematical model and the reverse detonating mathematical model are put forward. For the 3 stage, the quantitative relationship between the dosage of the stimulant drug and the velocity of the flyer is given. By defining the positive detonation stability coefficient, the quantitative relationship between the dosage of the stimulant drug and the stability coefficient is given. Both the experiment and the calculated results show that the stability of the drug can be guaranteed to be nearly 100% when the dose of the stimulant drug is above 20mg, and the reverse flameproof is divided into 3 stages. The relationship between the length of the delay body and the reliability coefficient is given. The experimental and calculation results show that the reliability of the explosive diode is nearly 100% when the length of the delay body is above 4.20mm. By establishing the two mathematical models mentioned above, the mechanism analysis of the explosion diode is given and the stable transmission of the whole explosion diode is proved. Detonation and reliable flameproof provide a reliable theoretical basis for its application and popularization in industry. Considering that the theory is one dimension, the numerical simulation of the three-dimensional forward and reverse detonating of the explosive diode is carried out with the combustion growth model combined with the LS-DYNA software, and more details are obtained. Especially, it is aimed at the stimulant in the forward detonation. The length of the delay body in the dosage and the reverse flameproof is carefully discussed, and the fourth chapters are supplemented by the lack of theoretical calculation and the development of detonation in the detonator and the detonator. The amount of the stimulant drug determines the stability of the forward detonation, the greater the dosage, the greater the speed of the flyer, and the initial impact pressure of the detonator. The results show that the force is greater and the natural detonation is easy to detonate. The result shows that the dosage of the stimulator is less than 10mg, the forward detonation is inevitable, and the positive detonation is higher than 20mg. The detonator can reach the critical pressure at the final surface. The length of the delay body determines the reliability of the reverse explosion. The longer the length is, the more the shock wave attenuation, the more the impact pressure produced in the detonator. The results show that the length of the delay body is less than 4mm, the reverse flameproof is inevitable and the flameproof is more successful than 5mm. The experiment of flyer velocity measurement is carried out. The experimental value and the simulated value of the flyer velocity are the same in the low dose. The reason that the experimental value and the theoretical value are high in the high dose is that the theory does not consider flyer breakage. And the effect of the spillover of the side detonation gas.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB41

【参考文献】