空气衬垫的缓冲防护机理与冲击特性研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 13:24

本文选题：空气衬垫 + 刚度特性　；参考：《哈尔滨商业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：空气衬垫是将塑料薄膜分隔成一定宽度的柱状气室,充入一定压力的空气而制成的新型缓冲包装材料。由于其重量轻、成本低,且具有良好的弹性和抗冲击性而得到越来越多的应用。与其广泛的应用相比,目前对空气垫的理论研究相对滞后,空气垫的缓冲包装设计大多处于经验和模仿设计状态。本文以空气衬垫的缓冲包装防护性能为研究对象,通过理论分析、冲击试验和跌落仿真分析,研究跌落高度、充气压力和气室宽度对气垫缓冲防护性能的影响,为气垫的缓冲包装设计提供理论依据。首先通过对单气柱的压缩变形分析,得出气柱的压缩变形与有效承载面积和动态体积的关系式。运用空气热力学理论,建立了空气衬垫冲击压缩过程的力学模型,得出空气垫在冲击载荷作用下的动态压力和刚度计算公式,为空气衬垫的缓冲机理和试验结果分析奠定了基础。通过能量转换方程和气垫刚度特性,分析了空气衬垫在跌落冲击载荷作用下的缓冲防护机理。气垫通过冲击变形储存的弹性势能和透射反射能,使包装件产生回弹发生多次冲击,消耗包装件的冲击势能,从而对包装件起到缓冲防护作用。增大气垫的充气压力可减小气垫承受的一次冲击载荷,提高气垫的缓冲性能,但过大的充气压力也使回弹冲击次数增多而使气垫的防护性能受到不利影响。通过对20cm、45cm、60cm、80cm跌落高度,重量为7.5kg的包装件进行跌落冲击试验,验证了理论分析的正确性。从试验数据的冲击载荷峰值、最大应力、总变形能、缓冲系数等参数指标,得到该条件下获得较好缓冲性能的气垫初始充气压力的优先取值顺序为80kPa、60kPa、40kPa,即：增大充气压力可减小空气衬垫的初次冲击载荷,提高气垫的缓冲防护性能。在上述条件下,通过试验数据分析了气室宽度对缓冲性能的影响,结果表明,在相同的跌落高度和充气压力下,包装件的重量为7.5kg时,获得较好缓冲性能的气室宽度优先取值顺序为50mm、40mm、30mm。利用ABAQUS软件建立了液晶显示器包装件的跌落仿真模型,经跌落冲击仿真分析,得出4.5kg包装件,跌落高度为80cm时,气垫充气压力的取值范围分别为：A30：50-100kPa;A40：40-90kPa；A50：40-80kPa。本文的研究结果可为空气缓冲衬垫的包装设计提供参考依据,具有理论意义和工程实用价值。
[Abstract]:Air liner is a new kind of cushioning packaging material, which is made by separating plastic film into columnar chamber of certain width and filling certain pressure air. Because of its light weight, low cost, good elasticity and impact resistance, it has been applied more and more. Compared with its wide application, the theoretical research of air cushion is relatively lagging behind, and the cushioning packaging design of air cushion is mostly in the state of experience and imitation design. In this paper, the effects of drop height, inflatable pressure and air chamber width on cushion protection performance of air cushion were studied by theoretical analysis, impact test and drop simulation analysis. It provides theoretical basis for cushioning packaging design of air cushion. Firstly, by analyzing the compression deformation of a single gas column, the relationship between the compression deformation and the effective bearing area and dynamic volume is obtained. Based on the theory of air thermodynamics, the dynamic pressure and stiffness calculation formula of air cushion under impact load is established. It lays a foundation for the cushioning mechanism of air liner and the analysis of test results. Based on the energy conversion equation and the stiffness characteristics of air cushion, the cushioning and protection mechanism of air cushion under drop impact load is analyzed. Through the elastic potential energy and transmission reflection energy stored by impact deformation, the air cushion can make the package rebound many times, consume the impact potential energy of the package, and thus play the role of buffer and protection to the package. Increasing the inflatable pressure of the air cushion can reduce the primary impact load and improve the cushion performance. However, too much inflatable pressure also increases the rebound impact times and adversely affects the protection performance of the air cushion. The accuracy of the theoretical analysis was verified by the drop impact test on the package with a drop height of 20 cm ~ 45 cm ~ (60) cm ~ (-1) and a drop height of 80 cm ~ (-1) and weight of 7.5kg. From the test data of the impact load peak, maximum stress, total deformation energy, buffer coefficient and other parameters, The priority order of initial inflatable pressure of air cushion is 80kPa60kPa40kPa. that is to say, the initial impact load of air cushion can be reduced by increasing inflatable pressure, and the cushion and protection performance of air cushion can be improved. Under the above conditions, the influence of chamber width on the buffer performance is analyzed by experimental data. The results show that under the same drop height and inflatable pressure, the weight of the package is 7.5kg. The preferred order of air chamber width for better buffer performance is 50mm / 40mm / 30mm. The drop simulation model of liquid crystal display packaging is established by Abaqus software. The drop impact simulation analysis shows that when the drop height of 4.5kg package is 80cm, the range of inflatable pressure of air cushion is as follows: A30: 50-100kPaA40: 40-90kPaA50: 40-80kPa. The results of this paper can provide a reference for the packaging design of air cushioning liners, and have theoretical significance and practical engineering value.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB485.1

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