产品设计知识管理与重用关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 05:48

本文选题：设计知识管理 + 知识重用　；参考：《北京理工大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：产品设计是产品开发过程中的创造性阶段，其本质是一个基于既有知识产生新知识的过程。在产品设计领域大约70%的产品设计为变型设计，并且在新产品设计时大约60%以上的工作需要以往经验的支撑。因此如何管理与重用已有的设计知识成为提升产品设计效率和质量的关键问题。然而，目前设计知识管理与重用领域的研究工作主要集中在设计知识的表示、建模以及通用的知识服务技术方面，，对设计人员的知识重用模式以及相应的个性化知识服务方法的研究仍然不足。这种不足直接导致了设计知识重用时产生严重的信息过载问题，也致使设计知识处于“管而不用”的状态。针对以上问题，论文以提升设计知识的重用水平、减轻信息过载为目标，从理论和方法层面系统性地研究了设计知识导航、设计知识检索以及设计知识推送等关键技术，为满足设计过程中的个性化知识服务需求提供了技术支撑，采用试验和案例的方法验证了技术的有效性。论文的主要研究内容如下：（1）设计知识管理与重用技术框架研究。针对设计知识管理系统难以满足设计人员知识需求的问题，首先研究并归纳出了设计人员的四种知识重用模式，包括参考、导引、自动以及协助；在分析知识重用模式的基础上，研究了设计知识管理与重用系统在整个设计支撑体系中的定位并分析了该系统与其他系统的数据和功能交互关系；最后从设计知识、设计人员以及系统架构三个角度研究了设计知识管理与重用系统的技术需求。该研究内容为论文的研究提供了总体框架。（2）异构设计知识建模与组织方法研究。针对设计知识种类繁多、来源广泛、存储方式异构导致的难以实现统一管理机制和统一语义框架的问题，提出了面向异构设计知识的多层次组织方法。该方法分三个层次组织设计知识，在底层研究了基于知识组件的设计知识建模方法来实现设计知识的封装和快速重用；在中层构建了设计知识统一模型，该模型通过提取设计知识的元信息实现设计知识的结构一致化；在上层研究了设计知识与领域本体的映射方法，实现了设计知识语义一致化。（3）领域设计知识导航方法研究。针对跨领域设计知识重用时设计人员获取知识的盲目性，提出了基于知识地图的领域知识导航方法。首先研究了基于自然语言处理技术、潜在语义分析技术以及相似度分析技术自动化构建领域知识地图的方法；其次研究并提出了基于复杂网络理论的知识地图内部结构探析以及提取关键领域知识的方法；最后研究了利用知识地图和关键领域知识对设计人员进行知识导航的方法。实验证明该方法能够提供有效的知识导航路径，使设计人员快速地重用跨领域的设计知识。（4）个性化设计知识检索方法研究。针对传统基于内容的知识检索结果不能体现用户偏好，容易造成信息过载的问题，提出了基于多行为的个性化知识检索方法。首先研究并构建了设计知识间行为相似度的计算模型，该模型综合考虑了行为表征用户偏好的能力、行为之间的依赖关系以及用户的部门隶属关系三个方面的因素；在此基础上研究了基于知识行为相似度的知识检索结果过滤方法。实验证明基于该模型实现的知识检索方法明显改善了传统知识检索的效能，有助于解决设计人员的信息过载问题。（5）设计知识推送方法研究。针对产品设计知识复杂多样、语义信息难以获取所造成的重用难题，提出了基于概率的混合用户模型以及知识推送方法。首先研究了将用户评分与知识主题相结合的可行性判定准则；其次将用户兴趣定义为对特定主题给出某一评分的概率，并综合了基于行为的方法和基于内容的方法的优势构建混合用户模型；最后将该模型与经典的协同过滤算法结合实现了设计知识推送方法。试验证明该方法在预测准确性和覆盖率方面都优于其他应用相同信息进行知识推送的方法。（6）作为上述研究成果的工程实践，自主设计并开发了产品设计知识管理与重用系统。该系统以个性化的方式提供了知识检索、知识推送以及知识导航等知识服务功能，支持设计人员在设计系统中直接获取所需要的设计知识。该系统所提供的知识服务能够转变设计知识“管而不用”的现状，同时显著降低信息过载现象的发生。
[Abstract]:Product design is the creative stage in the process of product development , its essence is a process of generating new knowledge based on the existing knowledge . The research work in the field of design knowledge management and reuse is a key problem to improve the efficiency and quality of product design .

( 1 ) Design knowledge management and reuse technical framework research . In view of the difficulty of designing knowledge management system to meet the knowledge requirement of designers , the four kinds of knowledge reuse patterns , including reference , guidance , automatic and assistance , are researched and summarized .
Based on the analysis of the pattern of knowledge reuse , the paper studies the location of the design knowledge management and reuse system in the whole design support system and analyzes the data and function interaction relationship between the system and other systems ;
Finally , the technical requirements of the design knowledge management and reuse system are studied from three aspects : design knowledge , designer and system architecture .

( 2 ) Research on the modeling and organization method of heterogeneous design knowledge . Aiming at the problem of difficult realization of unified management mechanism and unified semantic framework , which is caused by many kinds of design knowledge , wide source and heterogeneous storage mode , a multi - level organization method for heterogeneous design knowledge is proposed .
In the middle layer , a unified model of design knowledge is constructed , which is consistent with the structure of design knowledge by extracting meta - information of design knowledge ;
The mapping method of design knowledge and domain ontology is studied in the upper layer , and the semantic consistency of design knowledge is realized .

( 3 ) Research on the knowledge navigation method in the field of design knowledge . Based on the blindness of knowledge in cross - domain design knowledge reuse , a domain knowledge navigation method based on knowledge map is proposed . Firstly , a knowledge map method based on natural language processing technology , potential semantic analysis technology and similarity analysis technology is studied .
Secondly , the internal structure of knowledge map based on complex network theory and the methods of extracting knowledge in key areas are put forward .
Finally , the method of knowledge navigation using knowledge map and key field knowledge is studied . The experiment proves that the method can provide effective knowledge navigation path , so that the designer can quickly reuse the design knowledge in cross - domain .

( 4 ) The research on the retrieval method of personalized design knowledge . Aiming at the problem that the traditional content - based knowledge retrieval results do not reflect the user ' s preference and easily cause information overload , a multi - action - based personalized knowledge retrieval method is proposed .
On the basis of this , a knowledge retrieval result filtering method based on knowledge behavior similarity is studied . The experiment proves that the knowledge retrieval method based on the model improves the efficiency of traditional knowledge retrieval , and helps to solve the problem of information overload of designers .

( 5 ) Design knowledge push method research . Aiming at the complex variety of product design knowledge and difficult acquisition of semantic information , a hybrid user model based on probability and knowledge pushing method are put forward .
Secondly , the user interest is defined as the probability of giving a certain score to a particular topic , and the mixed user model is constructed based on the advantages of the behavior - based method and the content - based method ;
Finally , the design knowledge pushing method is implemented by combining the model with the classical collaborative filtering algorithm . The test proves that the method is superior to other methods for knowledge push in terms of accuracy and coverage .

( 6 ) As the engineering practice of the above research results , the product design knowledge management and reuse system is designed and developed . The system provides the knowledge service functions such as knowledge retrieval , knowledge push and knowledge navigation in a personalized way , and supports the design personnel to directly acquire the required design knowledge in the design system . The knowledge service provided by the system can change the present situation of the design knowledge " pipe instead of " while significantly reducing the occurrence of the information overload phenomenon .
【学位授予单位】：北京理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB472

【参考文献】