蜉蝣目昆虫复眼防雾结构设计与机理研究

发布时间：2018-06-30 19:15

本文选题：防雾 + 仿生　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：玻璃等透明材料广泛应用于人民日常生活、工农业生产、科研开发、军事、航空等领域，然而其表面的雾化现象会大大降低其透射率，给人们的工作和生活带来诸多不便。另外，金属材料表面的雾化现象也会加快材料表面的锈蚀，减少其使用寿命。因此，研制一种结构简单、便于大规模生产的防雾材料，已成为当前亟需解决的重要课题。本文通过对昆虫复眼防雾性能测试所需雾场环境的分析，利用超声波空气加湿器、PTFE管、固定装置、体视显微镜等装置和仪器，设计并组装了能够产生恒温雾粒的防雾测试试验台。然后，利用此试验台对通过灯光诱捕和扫捕等方法采集的昆虫复眼样本，进行了防雾性能测试，并利用JSM-5600型扫描电子显微镜和Stemi2000-C体视显微镜对其复眼结构进行了显微观察，筛选出具有独特防雾性能，并且表面结构十分简单的腹色蜉复眼作为研究对象。通过对腹色蜉生活习性和生长发育等特征的研究，，确定了腹色蜉样本的采集方式、保存方法、饲养装置及饲养时的注意事项。通过对其他近水环境中生存的昆虫的生活习性和生长特征的研究，并参照其防雾特性的测试结果，确定选择草蛉、豆娘和蚊子复眼的微观结构和防雾特性作为比较依据，这是由于豆娘的生存环境和发育方式与蜉蝣最为相近，但其复眼的防雾特性却没有腹色蜉那么明显，在机理分析时可用作反向对比。为了排除整个复眼外形的影响，本文引入复眼外部形貌与豆娘最为相近的只是尺寸不同的草蛉复眼。本文还选用已经被报道过的具有明显防雾作用的蚊子复眼，作为类比分析。由这几种昆虫复眼的SEM图片和原子力显微镜测试结果，发现它们的复眼都是由无数个微米级的小眼组成，最大的不同之处在于，豆娘和草蛉的复眼小眼均呈六方形微凸状，突起高度不大于4μm，并且每个小眼周围紧密排列，相邻两个小眼之间留有的空隙非常小，而蜉蝣和蚊子复眼小眼均呈半球体状，直径分别是25-30μm左右，两两相切的紧密排列，均匀地分布在复眼表面。在对观测到的复眼微结构数据进行分析的基础上，本文采用CATIA软件，建立了两种复眼结构的三维和二维模型，并揭示腹色蜉复眼防雾的机理，即在喷雾处理时，腹色蜉复眼的特殊结构能够使水滴在其表面形成一层稳固的水膜。正是由于这层水膜的存在，液滴在其表面以极快的速度铺展开，而不会出现雾化现象。最后利用接触角测量仪，通过附着法测试试验，证明了喷雾后的腹色蜉复眼表面水膜的存在。由于腹色蜉复眼结构与现有报道中所涉及的防雾功能材料的结构相比尺寸较大，结构却非常简单，所以该研究为结构简单的微米级防雾功能表面的设计，提供了新的思路，有望应用于复眼透镜、医疗器械内窥镜防雾以及减少金属材料表面液体锈蚀等领域，并且为批量生产提供更大的可能性。
[Abstract]:Transparent materials such as glass are widely used in people's daily life, industrial and agricultural production, scientific research and development, military affairs, aviation and other fields. However, the atomization phenomenon on the surface of glass will greatly reduce its transmittance, and bring a lot of inconvenience to people's work and life. In addition, the atomization of metal surface will accelerate the corrosion of material surface and reduce its service life. Therefore, developing a kind of antifogging material, which is simple in structure and convenient for mass production, has become an important subject that needs to be solved. In this paper, by analyzing the fog field environment needed for anti-fogging performance test of insect compound eye, using ultrasonic air humidifier, PTFE tube, fixing device, stereoscopic microscope and other devices and instruments, An anti-fogging test rig was designed and assembled to produce constant temperature aerosol particles. Then, the anti-fogging performance of insect compound eye samples collected by light trapping and scavenging was tested, and the structure of compound eye was observed by means of JSM-5600 scanning electron microscope and Stemi2000-C stereoscopic microscope. The compound eyes with unique antifogging property and very simple surface structure were selected as the research object. Based on the study of the characteristics of life habits and growth and development, the collection methods, preservation methods, feeding devices and points for attention of the samples of the appellants were determined. Based on the study of the living habits and growth characteristics of other insects living in near water environment and the test results of their antifogging properties, the microstructures and antifogging characteristics of the compound eyes of lacewings, lentils and mosquitoes were selected as the basis for comparison. This is due to the fact that the living environment and developmental pattern of the hyacinth are most similar to those of the mayfly, but the antifogging property of the compound eye is not as obvious as that of the amochroma. It can be used as a reverse contrast in the mechanism analysis. In order to exclude the influence of the appearance of the whole compound eye, only the different size of the compound eye is the most close to the external morphology of the compound eye. The mosquito compound eye with obvious antifogging effect has been reported as analogies. From the SEM images of the compound eyes of these insects and the results of atomic force microscopy, it was found that their compound eyes were made up of numerous micrometer-sized small eyes. The biggest difference was that the compound eyes of the lentilacea and the lacewing were both hexagonal and convex. The height of the protuberance is not more than 4 渭 m, and each eye is closely arranged around it. The gap between the two adjacent eyes is very small, while the diameters of the ephemera and the mosquito compound eye are semi-globular, and the diameters are about 25-30 渭 m. Evenly distributed on the surface of the compound eye. Based on the analysis of the observed microstructures of compound eyes, two 3D and two-dimensional models of compound eye structures were established by using CATIA software, and the anti-fog mechanism of the compound eye was revealed, that is, in spray treatment. The special structure of the compound eye enables the water droplets to form a stable water film on its surface. It is precisely because of the existence of the film that the droplets spread out at a very fast speed on the surface without atomization. Finally, the existence of water film on the surface of the compound eye of the sprayed wasp was proved by using the contact angle measuring instrument and the attachment test. Because the structure of compound eye of Triptophynchus macrocephalus is larger in size than that of the antifogging functional material in current reports, but the structure is very simple, so this study provides a new idea for the design of micron antifogging functional surface with simple structure. It is expected to be used in the fields of compound eye lens, medical device endoscope, antifogging, reducing surface corrosion of metal material, and providing more possibility for mass production.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB34;TB17

【参考文献】