基于机电耦合法油井增产超声波换能器结构参数优化设计

发布时间：2018-07-09 22:00

本文选题：换能器 + 压电陶瓷　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着对技术采油的重视，如今超声波技术已经涉及到采油工艺和油田开发中。超声波作用于近井解堵的机理不同于常规采油技术，超声波作用油层具有安全稳定、设备易于搭建、工艺流程简单、成本低、见效快、对油水井、油层无污染无结构破坏等优点。石油开采领域里圆柱型超声换能器占据设备的很大比重，主要原因是圆柱型换能器功率容量大、辐射能力强，不需考虑超声波传播的指向性，研制的主要目标就是根据超声波能量公式提高声波能量。如此多的优点使之成为油田三次采油和生物柴油制备的主力设备，在大功率超声清洗、声波测井领域也有很明显的作用。本文在换能器以及压电陶瓷的理论基础上，对换能器进行试验测试，并根据结果提出优化方向，用有限元软件对模型进行构建和计算，最终达到结构优化的目的。 (1)对超声波油井增产机理进行分析，给出孔隙介质中颗粒堵塞模型。之后对超声波换能器进行介绍，说明声波增油的可行性。简要介绍超声波增油技术发展历程和现状及换能器设备的生产研发情况。 (2)分析换能器工作的核心特性，即压电陶瓷振子的压电效应和逆压电效应。介绍压电陶瓷材料的基本参数及设备组装时采取不同的夹持条件和电学边界条件对压电方程的影响。换能器压电陶瓷振动产生超声波，振动的能量大小可以通过声强和声压来衡量，简单介绍了两者的定义和不同之处。在对陶瓷振子进行振动分析之前引用贝塞尔函数，给出了求解陶瓷环谐振频率的一种方法。 (3)对换能器进行整体的试验分析。测量换能器的主要工具为信号采集分析仪以及所配套的Coinv DASP-V10分析软件。信号采集分析仪连接着贴在换能器筒壁上的加速度传感器，用该设备的信号采集功能收集振动信息。在非工作状态下我们选择用LC系列力锤敲击产生激励，而在工作频率状态下我们直接用仪器收集振动信息。我们通过这两种状态下的试验得出静态下换能器的谐振频率和最优的工作频率，然后我们将谐振频率调整到最优工作频率附近作为优化的目标。 (4)我们用Patran和Nastran软件对换能器进行结构建模、网格划分之后再进行模态分析和频响分析。模拟部分的目的在于将模拟的频响曲线同试验得到的曲线进行对比，发现结果差异不大则可以说明有限元建模的方法是可取的。之后改变换能器的结构尺寸，得出各尺寸影响谐振频率的曲线，给出最优尺寸，完成优化目的。
[Abstract]:With the attention to the technology of oil recovery, ultrasonic technology has been involved in oil production and oil field development. The mechanism of ultrasonic wave acting on near well plugging is different from that of conventional oil recovery technology. Ultrasonic wave acting on reservoir is safe and stable, equipment is easy to build, technological process is simple, cost is low, effect is fast, and it is effective for oil and water well. No pollution, no structural damage and other advantages. In the field of petroleum exploitation, cylindrical ultrasonic transducers occupy a large proportion of the equipment. The main reason is that the cylindrical transducers have large power capacity and strong radiation capacity, so they do not need to consider the directivity of ultrasonic propagation. The main goal of the development is to improve the acoustic energy according to the ultrasonic energy formula. With so many advantages, it has become the main equipment for tertiary oil recovery and biodiesel production in oilfields. It also plays an obvious role in the field of high-power ultrasonic cleaning and acoustic logging. On the basis of the theory of transducer and piezoelectric ceramics, this paper tests the transducer and puts forward the optimization direction according to the results. The model is constructed and calculated by finite element software. Finally, the aim of structure optimization is achieved. (1) the mechanism of increasing production of ultrasonic wells is analyzed, and the model of particle plugging in porous media is given. Then the ultrasonic transducer is introduced to illustrate the feasibility of acoustic wave oil increasing. This paper briefly introduces the development history and present situation of ultrasonic oil increasing technology and the production and development of transducer equipment. (2) the core characteristics of transducer are analyzed, that is, piezoelectric effect and inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramic vibrator. The basic parameters of piezoelectric ceramic materials and the effects of different clamping conditions and electrical boundary conditions on the piezoelectric equations are introduced. Ultrasonic wave is produced by piezoelectric ceramic vibration of transducer. The energy of vibration can be measured by sound intensity and sound pressure. The definition and difference between the two are briefly introduced. The Bessel function is used before the vibration analysis of the ceramic oscillator, and a method to solve the resonant frequency of the ceramic ring is given. (3) the whole experiment analysis of the transducer is carried out. The main tools for measuring transducer are signal acquisition analyzer and Coinv DASP-V10 analysis software. The signal acquisition analyzer is connected to the acceleration sensor attached to the wall of the transducer, and the vibration information is collected by the signal acquisition function of the device. In the non-working condition we choose to use LC series force hammer to produce the excitation while we collect vibration information directly with the instrument in the working frequency state. The resonant frequency and the optimal operating frequency of the transducer are obtained from the experiments in these two states. Then we adjust the resonant frequency to near the optimal operating frequency as the target of optimization. (4) We use Patran and Nastran software to model the structure of the transducer and then carry out modal analysis and frequency response analysis after meshing. The purpose of the simulation part is to compare the simulated frequency response curve with the curve obtained from the experiment. It is found that the finite element modeling method is desirable if there is no difference between the results. Then the structure dimension of the transducer is changed, and the curve of the influence of each dimension on the resonant frequency is obtained, and the optimal size is given to accomplish the optimization purpose.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB552

【共引文献】