管道消音减压阀减噪优化研究

发布时间：2018-07-12 14:11

本文选题：消音减压阀 + 流固耦合　；参考：《武汉工程大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：钢铁行业在冶炼钢铁时产生的尾气在通过TRT装置发电后依然含有较高压力的依然可以加以利用的成分，此时气体的主要成分为煤气。高压煤气在经过一系列普通阀门组的调节下可变成低压煤气继续供普通居民区日常燃用。然而用于调节气压的普通阀门组在启闭的瞬间产生高达95-140分贝的污染噪声。众所周知，噪声已经成为对人们的心理和生理都有着严重危害的重要污染物，已成为继大气污染，水污染之后的第三大公害。在普通阀门组外建造密闭消声室的方法虽然能达到将噪声的危害控制在相关工业标准和规范所要求的噪声范围内的目的，但却耗费了巨大的土地资源成本和建造成本。若是开发设计出一种兼有自由调节气压和降低噪声功效的新型阀门—消音减压阀，该新型消音减压阀将会在节约资源、减排环保等方面有着广阔的开发前景、巨大的使用价值和现实意义。通过对相关声学基础理论进行研究，发现消音减压阀噪声主要源自启闭过程中产生的机械噪声和气动噪声，其中机械噪声是阀门在启闭时产生的，该噪声主要是由于高速气流对周围固体结构产生冲击而使周围腔体产生振动而发出的；气动噪声主要来自气体流动时自身湍流而产生的。依据中科院声学研究所马大猷教授所提出的微穿孔板消声减噪的理论，结合某实际工程案例的相关参数和某公司申请的应用型发明专利，提出一种新型消音减压阀的结构形式。在对该工程问题进行深入地了解和剖析后，发现消音减压阀在该管道工艺中起到煤气流量及压力调节的作用，必须要解决管道气流流量大，管道口径大，右端管道的气流流量要可调，切断时且需要有密封作用，左端和右端的压力差较大，极易产生噪声等工作问题，其在负荷时工况为阀前压力为210kPa,阀后压力为19kPa,气流量为300000m3/h，工作温度为165-265℃。本文首先对消音减压阀的结构形式进行设计，在进行详细设计后并绘出满足管路系统要求的结构示意图和工程图纸，其详细设计尺寸分别为入口接管出口接管直径为2020mm，厚度为18mm，微穿孔柱板内径为650mm，长度为600mm，厚度为10mm，阀前腔体直径为3000mm，长度为500mm,阀后腔体直径为4000mm，长度为1200mm。然后通过采用有限元法对某一特定几何尺寸下的消音减压阀阀体结构进行结构强度的有限元计算，获得满足结构强度要求下合适的微穿孔柱板半径，柱板长度，柱板厚度，微穿孔柱板上微孔的孔径，微穿孔排列形式等结构方面的几何尺寸。在此基础之上，再对消音减压阀进行声学性能模拟仿真，通过对比计算结果的声压级数值和实际的工业噪声标准值，可得知：消音减压阀在管路系统中产生的噪声在相关工业标准所要求的范围内。再者，采用有限元方法中的流固耦合方法对消音减压阀进行声学有限元分析计算，获得消音减压阀的声学性能。在此流程之上，在改变微穿孔柱板的半径后，对该消音减压阀再次进行声学有限元分析，并对该计算结果和前面所得到的后处理结果进行对比，可得知改变微穿孔柱板的半径对消音减压阀的减噪有一定程度的影响，，增大微穿孔板的半径可提高消音减压阀的减噪效果。在改变微穿孔主板的长度后，对该消音减压阀再次进行声学有限元分析，并对该结果和前面所得到的后处理结果进行对比，可得知改变微穿孔柱板的长度对消音减压阀的减噪有一定程度的影响，增长微穿孔板的长度可提高消音减压阀的减噪效果。最后并将得到的声学性能结果与实际多阀门组结合密闭消声室的噪声结果进行对比。结果表明：消音减压阀在管路系统中调节流体压力和降低噪声方面有着更多明显的优势。通过改变结构的形式，主要采用改变微穿孔柱板的长度，半径，微孔孔径，微孔排列方式等手段来改变结构的方式，分析不同结构形式下的消音减压阀的声学性能，以选用合适的几何结构的尺寸以达到减噪优化的目的。已获得的关于消音减压阀机械性能、声学性能方面的数据和相关结论，为进一步开发和设计消音减压阀提供一些有益的建议。
[Abstract]:The tail gas produced in iron and steel industry in the smelting of steel still contains high pressure components that still can be used after the TRT unit. The main component of the gas is gas. High pressure gas can be turned into low pressure gas for daily use in ordinary residential area under the regulation of a series of ordinary valve groups. The ordinary valve group that regulates the pressure produces the pollution noise of up to 95-140 decibels at the moment of opening and closing. It is well known that noise has become an important pollutant that has serious harm to people's psychology and physiology. It has become the third public hazard following air pollution and water pollution. The method of building a closed chamber outside the ordinary valve group is a method of construction. It can achieve the purpose of controlling the harm of noise in the range of noise required by the related industrial standards and specifications, but it consumes huge cost of land resources and construction costs. If a new type of valve, a new type of valve, which has the functions of free adjustment and noise reduction, is developed and designed, the new silencing pressure relief valve will be developed. It has broad development prospects, huge use value and practical significance in saving resources, reducing emissions and environmental protection.
Through the study of the related acoustic theory, it is found that the noise of the noise reduction valve mainly originates from the mechanical noise and aerodynamic noise produced during the opening and closing, in which the mechanical noise is produced when the valve is opened and closed, and the noise is mainly caused by the vibration of the surrounding cavity caused by the impact of the high-speed airflow on the surrounding solid structure. According to the theory of the micro perforated plate noise reduction and noise reduction proposed by Professor DAA DAA of the Academy of acoustics of the Academy of Sciences, a new structure form of a new type of noise reduction pressure relief valve is proposed in accordance with the relevant parameters of a practical engineering case and the application type invention patent applied by a company.
After thorough understanding and analysis of the project, it is found that the silencing pressure relief valve plays the role of regulating gas flow and pressure in the pipeline. It is necessary to solve the large flow flow of the pipe, the large diameter of the pipe, the air flow of the right end pipe, and the sealing effect when cut off, and the pressure difference between the left end and the right end is large. It is very easy to produce noise and other working problems. The pressure of the valve before the valve is 210kPa, the pressure after the valve is 19kPa, the gas flow is 300000m3/h, and the working temperature is 165-265. This paper first designs the structure form of the depressing pressure relief valve, and then the detailed design and the engineering drawings are drawn after the detailed design and the full full line system. The diameter of the inlet nozzle is 2020mm, the thickness is 18mm, the inner diameter of the micro perforated cylinder is 650mm, the length is 600mm, the thickness is 10mm, the diameter of the front cavity of the valve is 3000mm, the length is 500mm, the diameter of the cavity is 4000mm, the length is 1200mm. then through the finite element method, the silencing of a certain geometric size is passed. The structure strength of the pressure relief valve body is calculated by the finite element method, and the geometrical size of the suitable microperforated column plate radius, the length of the cylinder plate, the thickness of the column plate, the pore size of microperforated microporous plate and the microperforation arrangement are obtained to satisfy the structural strength. On this basis, the acoustic performance of the silencer pressure relief valve is simulated. By comparing the sound pressure level values of the calculated results and the actual industrial noise standard values, it is known that the noise produced by the silencing pressure relief valve in the pipeline system is within the range required by the related industrial standards.
Furthermore, the acoustical performance of the muffling pressure relief valve is obtained by the finite element method of the fluid solid coupling in the finite element method to obtain the acoustic performance of the muffling relief valve. On this flow, the acoustic finite element analysis of the muffled pressure relief valve is carried out again after the change of the radius of the microperforated Cylinder plate. The results are compared. It is found that the radius of the microperforated cylinder can affect the noise reduction of the muffling pressure relief valve to a certain extent. Increasing the radius of the microperforated plate can improve the noise reduction effect of the muffling pressure relief valve. After changing the length of the microperforated main board, the acoustic finite element analysis is carried out again for the muffled pressure relief valve, and the results and the front are also analyzed. The results are compared. It is found that the length of the microperforated cylinder can affect the noise reduction of the muffling pressure relief valve to a certain extent. The increase of the length of the microperforated plate can improve the noise reduction effect of the muffling relief valve.
The results show that the noise reduction valve has more obvious advantages in regulating the fluid pressure and reducing the noise in the pipeline system. By changing the structure, the length of the microperforated cylindrical plate is mainly changed. Diameter, pore size, micropore arrangement and other means to change the structure, analyze the acoustic performance of the muffling pressure relief valve under different structural forms, in order to choose the appropriate geometric structure to achieve the purpose of reducing the noise. It provides some useful suggestions for developing and designing noise reducing valves.
【学位授予单位】：武汉工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X757;TB535

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