红柳抗冲蚀特性与机理的仿生研究

发布时间：2018-07-16 10:00

【摘要】：抗冲蚀磨损仿生表面的研究，在风机叶片、水泵叶片、涡轮叶片、直升机螺旋桨和飞机发动机等方面具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。本文研究了红柳的抗冲蚀磨损特性和机理，设计加工了抗冲蚀仿生表面试样和离心风机仿生表面叶片，研究了其冲蚀磨损特性，利用红柳内部孔道分布特性，对环氧树脂冲蚀磨损表面进行了仿生自修复的探索性研究。采集吉林白城地区和新疆阿克苏地区的红柳，，分析了红柳采集地的气候特征；以白城地区采集的红柳为生物原型，通过体视显微镜和逆向工程等分析迎风面和背风面的体表形态差异；通过扫描电镜、傅里叶红外变换光谱和X射线衍射仪等设备分析红柳内部横切面和弦切面的形态、结构特征、化学成分（有机和无机成分）差异；通过万能试验机和纳米压痕仪等设备，测试、计算红柳内部从迎风面到背风面强度、弹性模量、硬度和残余应力等力学性能变化规律；探讨了红柳偏心形态结构的方向性规律，分析了红柳体表形态、内部偏心结构和残余应力之间的关系，揭示了红柳抗冲蚀磨损机理；在Q235钢表面设计并加工了抗冲蚀磨损仿生表面试样和离心风机仿生表面叶片，通过射流式冲蚀测试装置和自行设计、搭建的离心风机叶片冲蚀测试装置，进行了相应的冲蚀磨损性能测试，研究了冲蚀粒子在仿生表面产生的粒子二次冲蚀现象和机理，分析了红柳及其炭化后的内部孔道分布特性，利用其孔道特性，进行了环氧树脂冲蚀磨损表面自修复性能的探索性研究。红柳迎风面体表的沟槽形态特征，比背风面具有更好的抗冲蚀磨损性能；迎风面展示出了高硬度、高弹性模量等优异的力学性能，使其具有良好的抗冲蚀磨损性能；迎风面受到风沙冲蚀刺激后，细胞分裂速度快，导致迎风面年轮宽度大于背风面年轮宽度，年轮宽度的增加使迎风面体表的拉应力增大，较大的拉应力促进了体表裂纹的形成，裂纹的形成使体表拉应力降低，应力的降低促进了细胞的快速分裂；仿生表面试样和离心风机仿生表面叶片展示出良好的抗冲蚀磨损性能，与光滑试样相比，在最优试验点抗冲蚀磨损性能分别提高了约26%和29%；红柳内部孔道立体网状互通，利用红柳及其炭化后的孔道，成功进行了环氧树脂冲蚀磨损表面的自修复，为进一步抗冲蚀功能表面的仿生工程应用和自修复功能表面的设计、制备，提供了理论基础和新的思路。
[Abstract]:The study of anti erosion wear biomimetic surface has important scientific significance and application value in fan blade, pump blade, turbine blade, helicopter propeller and aircraft engine. This paper studies the anti erosion wear characteristics and mechanism of red willow, and designs and machined anti erosion bionic surface samples and bionic surface blades of centrifugal fan. The erosion wear characteristics of the epoxy resin erosion surface were studied by using the distribution characteristics of the inner channel of the red willow.
Collecting red willow in Baicheng area of Jilin and Akesu area of Xinjiang, the climatic characteristics of the red willow collection area were analyzed. The morphological differences between the upwind surface and the leeward surface were analyzed by the stereoscopic microscope and reverse engineering, using the red willow as the biological prototype in Baicheng area, and the scanning electric microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrum and X ray diffraction were used. The apparatus, etc., analyzed the morphology, structural features, chemical composition (organic and inorganic components) of the transverse section and the tangent surface of the red willow, and tested the mechanical properties of the inside of the willow from the upwind surface to the leeward surface, the modulus of elasticity, the hardness and the residual stress. The directional regularity of the eccentric morphological structure of the willow, the relationship between the shape of the body of the red willow body, the internal eccentricity structure and the residual stress was analyzed, and the anti erosion and wear mechanism of the red willow was revealed. The anti erosion wear resistant biomimetic surface samples and the bionic surface blade of the centrifugal fan were designed and processed on the surface of Q235 steel. The erosion and wear performance test of the centrifugal fan blade was designed, and the two erosion phenomena and mechanism of the particles produced on the bionic surface were studied. The distribution characteristics of the inner channel after the red willow and its carbonization were analyzed, and the erosion and wear surface of the epoxy resin was made by using the characteristics of the orifice. An exploratory study of the repair performance.
The groove shape characteristics of the red willow face surface have better erosion resistance than the leeward surface. The upwind surface shows excellent mechanical properties such as high hardness, high elastic modulus and so on, which makes it have good erosion resistance and abrasion resistance. After the wind surface is stimulated by wind sand erosion, the cell division speed is fast, leading to the wide width of the windward face ring. The tensile stress of the body surface is increased by the increase of the ring width of the leeward side and the increase of the ring width. The larger tensile stress promotes the formation of the body surface crack. The formation of the crack leads to the decrease of the tensile stress of the body surface and the decrease of the stress. The bionic surface specimen and the bionic surface blade of the centrifugal fan show good resistance to erosion. Compared with the smooth specimen, the abrasion resistance of the specimen was increased by about 26% and 29% respectively at the optimum test point. The inner channel of the red willow was interconnected in a three-dimensional network. The self repair of the eroded surface of the epoxy resin was successfully repaired by using the red willow and its carbonized pass, which was used for the bionic engineering application and self repair of the anti erosion functional surface. The design and preparation of the complex functional surface provide a theoretical basis and a new way of thinking.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TG174.4;TB17

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