水介质耦合小药柱间隔装药爆破理论与技术研究

发布时间：2018-07-16 22:38

【摘要】：工程爆破技术的高速发展致使人们将爆炸能量运用于国民生产的各领域,给社会带来了巨大的便利和效益的同时也吸引了国内外众多科研工作者的目光。在露天台阶爆破中,间隔装药技术相对于耦合装药技术展现了其优越性,但其存在不能多重分段、传爆器材使用量大的缺点,在分析和研究的基础上推出了水介质耦合小药柱间隔装药爆破技术,研究对于提高爆破能量利用率,精细控制爆破效果有重要的理论和实践意义。本文通过理论分析、数值计算、数值模拟的研究方法分析了水介质耦合小药柱间隔装药爆破技术的影响因素和优越性,取得如下成果:1、分析现有间隔装药技术的缺点,提出了水介质耦合小药柱间隔装药爆破技术;2、通过总结前人理论分析、实验成果、工程实践经验,提出了水介质耦合小药柱间隔装药爆破技术中小药柱熄爆的主要原因在于管道效应和直径效应,因此小直径药卷的直径应当大于临界直径,长度可按照管道效应进行控制。建立了基于爆生气体径向扩散的管道效应模型;3、使用灰色关联分析对前人实验结果进行数值计算,计算结果表明炸药性能和装药结构是管道效应的主要影响因素;4、通过ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值模拟计算,建立了水介质及空气介质的耦合装药模型,对比分析不同装药模型的计算结果,计算结果表明空气介质耦合装药条件下,管道效应相对于水介质条件下更加明显;5、使用Matlab计算了耦合装药及水介质耦合装药条件下孔壁及冲击波区域的相关物理量,计算结果表明水介质条件下传递能量更多、能量利用率更高、能量分布更均匀;6、水介质耦合小药柱间隔装药爆破技术能够有效提高炸药能量利用率,减少炸药的使用量,有益于爆破效果;7、设计了水介质耦合小药柱间隔装药结构,并运用于某采石场爆破方案设计,通过方案的对比分析,分析结果表明水介质耦合小药柱间隔装药爆破技术能够有效的减少耗材使用,减少相关灾害。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of engineering blasting technology, people apply explosive energy to various fields of Yu Guomin production, which brings great convenience and benefit to the society, but also attracts the attention of many researchers at home and abroad. In the open-pit bench blasting, the spacer charge technology shows its superiority over the coupling charge technology, but it can not be divided in multiple sections, and the use of detonation materials is large. On the basis of analysis and research, the technology of water-medium coupled small charge column interval charge blasting is put forward, which has important theoretical and practical significance for improving blasting energy utilization ratio and fine control blasting effect. In this paper, through theoretical analysis, numerical calculation and numerical simulation, the influence factors and advantages of water-medium coupled small charge column interval charge blasting technology are analyzed. The following results are obtained: 1, and the shortcomings of existing spacer charge technology are analyzed. In this paper, the technique of water-medium coupled small charge column interval charge blasting is put forward. Through summing up the previous theoretical analysis, experimental results and engineering practice experience, It is proposed that the main reasons of small charge column extinguishing in water-medium coupled small charge column blasting technology are pipe effect and diameter effect, so the diameter of small diameter charge coil should be larger than the critical diameter, and the length can be controlled according to the pipeline effect. A pipeline effect model based on radial diffusion of exploding gas is established, and the previous experimental results are numerically calculated by grey correlation analysis. The results show that explosive performance and charge structure are the main influencing factors of pipeline effect. Through ANSYS- LS-DYNA numerical simulation, the coupling charge model of water medium and air medium is established, and the calculation results of different charge models are compared and analyzed. The calculated results show that the pipeline effect is more obvious than that in the water medium under the condition of air-medium coupling charge. The relative physical quantities of the hole wall and shock wave region under the condition of coupling charge and water-medium coupling charge are calculated by Matlab. The results show that the energy transfer rate is higher, the energy utilization ratio is higher and the energy distribution is more uniform under the condition of water medium. The technology of water-medium coupled small charge column interval charge blasting can effectively improve the energy utilization ratio of explosives and reduce the amount of explosives used. In order to benefit the blasting effect, the structure of small water-medium coupling charge column interval charge is designed and applied to the blasting scheme design of a quarry, and through the comparison and analysis of the scheme, The results show that the water-medium coupling small charge column interval charge blasting technology can effectively reduce the consumption of materials and reduce the related disasters.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD235.44

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