单矢量水听器被动定位方法研究

发布时间：2018-07-17 00:48

【摘要】：一直以来,水声定位技术是水声工程研究的热点。因为单个声压水听器没有测向能力,所以水声定位技术通常是通过多基元组成的阵列来实现。单个矢量水听器可以同步共点测量声场中的声压与振速信息,单次测量可以对目标进行方位估计。当目标以某一规律运动时,目标与矢量水听器的相对位置就有可能通过多次测量来继续解算得到。本论文就是以此为出发点,对单矢量水听器的方位估计、单矢量水听器被动定位技术及其应用展开研究,具体工作如下:首先,论文对单矢量水听器方位估计方法展开研究。其中包括基于单矢量水听器的加权直方图和直方图两种方位估计方法,对影响其方位估计性能的因素进行分析,讨论了其方位估计性能,指出其在实际使用中需要注意的事项。论文给出的基于包络谱的方位估计方法,能够有效解决矢量水听器包络谱方位估计的模糊问题,可以有效实现多目标的方位估计。对矢量水听器的南海海试数据进行了处理,对所研究内容进行了验证。然后,给出了单矢量水听器的被动定位方法。一是纯方位的被动定位方法,即仅仅利用测点相对位置和矢量水听器方位估计结果确定测点与矢量水听器的相对位置。二是单矢量水听器对匀速直线运动目标的被动定位方法,即假设目标以某一速度直线运动,利用频谱信息或者GPS信息获得速度,结合方位信息对目标进行定位。论文对两种方法性能进行了计算机仿真,并利用海试数据进行了验证。最后,结合单矢量水听器的被动定位方法对水面船目标辐射噪声的方向特性进行了估计。给出了强线谱和包络谱的方向特性估计方法,并利用该方法对海上试验数据进行了处理,得到了一些有意义的结果。
[Abstract]:Underwater acoustic localization technology has always been a hot topic in underwater acoustic engineering. Because a single acoustic hydrophone has no direction-finding capability, underwater acoustic localization is usually achieved through an array of multiple primitives. A single vector hydrophone can synchronously measure the sound pressure and velocity information in the sound field and can estimate the target azimuth by a single measurement. When the target moves according to a certain rule, the relative position of the target and the vector hydrophone may be solved by multiple measurements. In this paper, the azimuth estimation of single vector hydrophone, the passive location technology of single vector hydrophone and its application are studied. The main work is as follows: firstly, this paper studies the azimuth estimation method of single vector hydrophone. It includes two azimuth estimation methods, weighted histogram and histogram based on single vector hydrophone. The factors affecting the performance of azimuth estimation are analyzed, the performance of azimuth estimation is discussed, and the matters needing attention in practical use are pointed out. The method of azimuth estimation based on envelope spectrum presented in this paper can effectively solve the fuzzy problem of vector hydrophone envelope spectrum azimuth estimation and can effectively realize multi-objective azimuth estimation. The sea trial data of the vector hydrophone in the South China Sea are processed, and the contents of the study are verified. Then, the passive location method of single vector hydrophone is presented. One is the azimuth-only passive positioning method which only uses the relative position of the measuring point and the estimation of the vector hydrophone azimuth to determine the relative position of the measuring point and the vector hydrophone. The second is the passive localization method of a single vector hydrophone to the moving target with a uniform velocity, that is, assuming that the target moves at a certain speed straight line, the velocity is obtained by using the spectrum information or GPS information, and the target is located with the azimuth information. The performance of the two methods is simulated and verified by sea test data. Finally, the directional characteristics of radiated noise of surface ship are estimated by using the passive location method of single vector hydrophone. A method for estimating the directional characteristics of the strong linear spectrum and the envelope spectrum is presented, and some meaningful results are obtained by using this method to process the sea test data.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB565.1

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