产品概念设计中功能需求的定性描述与转换
发布时间：2018-07-17 02:23
【摘要】：概念设计是产品设计周期中最关键的一步,越来越多的学者投入到概念设计的研究中。产品概念设计就是将需求转换为概念产品,因此对需求的处理显得尤为重要。而在概念设计这个阶段中,已知的信息通常是不确定的、模糊的,无法用准确的模型却描述。而运用QFD方法就可以将用户给出的需求转换为整个产品设计周期中的各个技术特性要求,为设计者所用。QFD方法的主要输入之一就是需求的合理表示,需求的获取和建模方法中,图和树的方法可以很好的表示需求中涵盖的产品的功能和结构要求,但是却不能对有些需求的条件进行约束,本体论的公理和约束就解决了这一难题。本文从抽象的角度对产品概念设计过程有了进一步的认识,强调了正确全面地处理需求的重要性。在对本体的建模方法有了初步的认识后,结合产品质量属性和树的建模方法,详细介绍了质量本体构建的步骤,并构建了减速器的表示本体。以减速器部分需求为例,提出了需求处理时遇到的两类最主要的问题。一是约束限制。在建立本体时,会建立各个概念之间的约束,本文中对于需求不符合约束的需求进行转化。二是分类的不确定性。由于建立本体时,根据的是产品的质量属性进行抽象和分类,而概念定义边界的模糊性,导致分类出现模棱两可的情况。针对这两类问题,在学习和总结模糊数学相关知识和应用的基础上,将模糊聚类理论和隶属函数数学方法引入概念设计的需求分析中,很好地处理了不满足约束和属性分类出现模糊性的情况。通过设计相应的知识表示方法,将最原始的需求依据质量属性进行了分类和表示。对需求处理完成后,为了得到产品设计时的关键技术特性,需要对需求进行排序并计算各个需求的权重,因此结合AHP方法的优点,计算出每个需求的权重。这样,结合QFD质量屋矩阵,就得到了产品设计的关键技术要求,并贯穿于整个产品设计,较好地完成了用户到产品设计者的转换。最后结合减速器设计的问题,运用机械产品表示本体得到了需求的聚类结果,用相应的数学方法解决了推理过程中出现的问题。在QFD质量屋中,结合专家经验知识,得到了减速器设计的需求重要的排序和关键技术要求,完成了从用户需求到技术特性的转换。
[Abstract]:Conceptual design is the most critical step in the product design cycle, and more scholars are involved in the research of conceptual design. Product conceptual design is to transform requirements into conceptual products, so it is very important to deal with requirements. In this stage of conceptual design, the known information is usually uncertain, fuzzy, and can not be described with an accurate model. By using qfd method, the requirements given by users can be transformed into the requirements of various technical characteristics in the whole product design cycle. One of the main inputs of the .qfd method used by designers is the reasonable representation of requirements, the acquisition of requirements and the modeling method. The graph and tree method can well express the functional and structural requirements of the products covered by the requirements, but it can not constrain some requirements. The ontology axioms and constraints solve this problem. This paper gives a further understanding of the process of product conceptual design from an abstract point of view, and emphasizes the importance of dealing with requirements correctly and comprehensively. After a preliminary understanding of the ontology modeling method, combined with the product quality attributes and the modeling method of the tree, the construction steps of the quality ontology are introduced in detail, and the representation ontology of the reducer is constructed. Taking some requirements of reducer as an example, two kinds of main problems encountered in demand processing are put forward. One is the restriction. In the process of building ontology, the constraints between different concepts are established. In this paper, the requirements that do not conform to the constraints are transformed. The second is the uncertainty of classification. Because the ontology is built according to the quality attribute of the product to abstract and classify, and the ambiguity of the definition boundary of the concept leads to the ambiguity of the classification. In view of these two kinds of problems, on the basis of learning and summarizing the relevant knowledge and application of fuzzy mathematics, fuzzy clustering theory and membership function mathematical method are introduced into the requirement analysis of conceptual design. The fuzziness of dissatisfied constraints and attribute classification is well dealt with. By designing the corresponding knowledge representation method, the most original requirements are classified and represented according to the quality attributes. After the requirement processing is completed, in order to obtain the key technical characteristics of product design, it is necessary to sort the requirements and calculate the weight of each requirement. Therefore, combining the advantages of AHP method, the weight of each requirement is calculated. In this way, the key technical requirements of product design are obtained by combining qfd quality room matrix, which runs through the whole product design and completes the conversion from user to product designer. Finally, combined with the problem of reducer design, the clustering result of requirement is obtained by using mechanical product representation ontology, and the problems in reasoning process are solved by corresponding mathematical method. In qfd quality room, combined with expert experience and knowledge, the important ranking and key technical requirements of reducer design requirements are obtained, and the conversion from user requirements to technical characteristics is completed.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB472
本文编号：2128596
[Abstract]:Conceptual design is the most critical step in the product design cycle, and more scholars are involved in the research of conceptual design. Product conceptual design is to transform requirements into conceptual products, so it is very important to deal with requirements. In this stage of conceptual design, the known information is usually uncertain, fuzzy, and can not be described with an accurate model. By using qfd method, the requirements given by users can be transformed into the requirements of various technical characteristics in the whole product design cycle. One of the main inputs of the .qfd method used by designers is the reasonable representation of requirements, the acquisition of requirements and the modeling method. The graph and tree method can well express the functional and structural requirements of the products covered by the requirements, but it can not constrain some requirements. The ontology axioms and constraints solve this problem. This paper gives a further understanding of the process of product conceptual design from an abstract point of view, and emphasizes the importance of dealing with requirements correctly and comprehensively. After a preliminary understanding of the ontology modeling method, combined with the product quality attributes and the modeling method of the tree, the construction steps of the quality ontology are introduced in detail, and the representation ontology of the reducer is constructed. Taking some requirements of reducer as an example, two kinds of main problems encountered in demand processing are put forward. One is the restriction. In the process of building ontology, the constraints between different concepts are established. In this paper, the requirements that do not conform to the constraints are transformed. The second is the uncertainty of classification. Because the ontology is built according to the quality attribute of the product to abstract and classify, and the ambiguity of the definition boundary of the concept leads to the ambiguity of the classification. In view of these two kinds of problems, on the basis of learning and summarizing the relevant knowledge and application of fuzzy mathematics, fuzzy clustering theory and membership function mathematical method are introduced into the requirement analysis of conceptual design. The fuzziness of dissatisfied constraints and attribute classification is well dealt with. By designing the corresponding knowledge representation method, the most original requirements are classified and represented according to the quality attributes. After the requirement processing is completed, in order to obtain the key technical characteristics of product design, it is necessary to sort the requirements and calculate the weight of each requirement. Therefore, combining the advantages of AHP method, the weight of each requirement is calculated. In this way, the key technical requirements of product design are obtained by combining qfd quality room matrix, which runs through the whole product design and completes the conversion from user to product designer. Finally, combined with the problem of reducer design, the clustering result of requirement is obtained by using mechanical product representation ontology, and the problems in reasoning process are solved by corresponding mathematical method. In qfd quality room, combined with expert experience and knowledge, the important ranking and key technical requirements of reducer design requirements are obtained, and the conversion from user requirements to technical characteristics is completed.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB472
【参考文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 尉少坤;面向客户的机械产品概念设计方案生成技术[D];西安理工大学;2005年
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