舱室人机界面布局设计与评估优化方法研究
发布时间：2018-07-17 05:57
【摘要】：舱室是操纵控制的人机交互节点,人机界面由大量显示、操控部件组成,构造复杂。对舱室人机界面进行合理的布局设计,可以给作业人员提供舒适的操作姿势、良好的视野和宜人的环境氛围,有助于充分发挥作业人员的工作效率。从人机工效的角度进行布局设计与评估优化具有非常重要的意义。但是,目前布局问题研究多从工程实践的角度,以提高空间、材料的利用率为研究目标,而鲜有在舱室布局设计中考虑人的认知特性规律和感性意象需求。舱室评估多以定性分析为主,或者以单一因素、局部设计为研究对象,缺乏系统的定量研究。针对上述问题,在中国石油集团测井有限公司项目“测井仪器车中仓工业设计”以及国家863计划重点项目“4500米载人潜水器设计与关键技术研究子课题:舱内布局优化设计方法研究”的支持下,围绕舱室人机界面布局设计与评估优化的关键技术进行了研究。本文的主要内容和创新点如下:(1)从工业设计的角度,对舱室人机界面布局设计与评估优化问题进行分解、描述与求解,提出了舱室人机界面布局设计与评估优化研究方法框架。包括:基于遗传-蚁群算法的人机界面空间布局设计方法;基于分层交互式遗传算法的人机界面色彩布局设计方法;涵盖视觉工效、操作舒适性和人因可靠性分析的布局工效综合评估方法;基于基因表达式编程算法的色彩意象评估方法。(2)在空间布局设计方面,在Wickens信息加工模型基础上,构建了舱室人机界面认知模型。通过认知模型来描述人的认识过程,研究人的认知特性规律,总结布局设计原则。分别针对各原则构建布局优化的数学模型和布局优化目标函数,将布局方案求解问题转化为组合优化问题,采用遗传-蚁群算法求解。研究了面向布局优化的适应度函数、信息素和启发信息的表达形式,先利用遗传算法生成布局方案次优解,并转化为初始信息素分布,再利用蚁群算法的正反馈寻优机制精确求解,实现了方案求解的人工寻优过程的算法化,获得了较好的优化性能和时间性能。(3)在色彩布局设计方面,探讨了色彩值、色彩数、面积比重和位置分布形式等综合因素对色彩意象的影响。利用KJ法将125个色彩样本分组,通过语义差异法调查了色彩样本与意象语义“动感的-沉静的”的关系。将形容词对“动感的-沉静的”色彩意象评价分为动感的、中立的、沉静的三种灰类,通过灰色聚类法预测由多种色彩搭配的人机界面整体色彩意象倾向。结合色彩意象定位值获取色彩组合,构建出可行解色彩数据库。利用交互式遗传算法的全局搜索功能进行色彩组合,并通过分层搜索来缩小搜索空间加速种群收敛。(4)在布局工效评估方面,从人机工效学的角度评价舱室内的显示、控制元件布局是否符合人的生理结构和心理特征,是否能将人的失误概率尽可能降低到最小。在分析人体视野特性的基础上,改进了汽车视野设计原理中的眼椭圆和H点,利用眼椭球快速定位人体模型,应用CATIA软件进行了可视性分析和主要操作姿势仿真。结合Kane动力学模型和NASA力量模型,将关节力矩引入到关节舒适性评估中,以上肢操作舒适性评估布局方案优劣。针对石油工业应用领域,改进CREAM方法中的共同绩效条件因子,以层次分析法确定其权重,结合灰色关联分析定量评估舱室人因可靠性。(5)在色彩意象评估方面,从色彩心理效应的角度评价舱室环境色彩设计是否能够合理发挥色彩的调节功能,是否符合用户的色彩意象需求。将舱室环境色彩样本与意象语义以语义差异法进行色彩意象评价实验。通过因子分析对实验数据进行预处理,在保留数据主要信息的前提下,去除数据间的相关性,有效降低数据维数。并结合熵权法确定各色彩因子的客观权重。以125组评价数据作为预测模型的数据基础,基于基因表达式编程算法实现了复杂函数的自动建模,构建了舱室环境色彩样本的因子得分与综合色彩意象之间的最佳拟合函数,为色彩意象的快速评估提供了解决方法。通过上述研究工作,最终形成了一套适用于舱室人机界面布局设计与评估优化的理论与方法体系,开发了原型系统,并结合石油钻机司钻控制室人机界面布局案例进行了验证。丰富和完善了舱室人机工效研究理论体系,对于提高舱室人机性能具有实用价值。
[Abstract]:The cabin is a man-machine interaction node with control and control. The man-machine interface is composed of a large number of display and manipulative components, and the structure is complex. A reasonable layout design of the man-machine interface of the cabin can provide a comfortable operating posture for the workers, a good vision and a pleasant environment, which will help to give full play to the working efficiency of the workers. From the man-machine The layout design and evaluation and optimization of the ergonomics are of great significance. However, at present, the study of layout problems is mostly from the perspective of engineering practice, in order to improve the space and the utilization of materials as the research goal, but few in the layout design of the cabin are concerned about the cognitive characteristics and perceptual image needs of the people. In view of the above problems, a sub project on the design and key technology research of the 4500 meter manned submersible and the key project of the National 863 plan project: the layout of the 4500 meter manned submersible and key technology: the layout of the cabin. Under the support of the optimization design method research, the key technologies around the layout design and evaluation optimization of the man-machine interface of the cabin are studied. The main contents and innovation points of this paper are as follows: (1) from the angle of industrial design, the problem of the layout design and evaluation optimization of the man-machine interface of the cabin is decomposed, described and solved, and the man-machine boundary of the cabin is put forward. The method framework of surface layout design and evaluation optimization, including: the spatial layout design method based on the genetic ant colony algorithm, the HMI color layout design method based on the hierarchical and interactive genetic algorithm, the comprehensive evaluation method of layout efficiency covering visual ergonomics, operation comfort and human reliability analysis; The color image evaluation method of expression programming algorithm (2) (2) on the basis of the spatial layout design, the cognitive model of human interface in the cabin is built on the basis of the information processing model of the space. The cognitive model is used to describe the human cognition process, the law of human cognition and the principle of layout design. The layout optimization is constructed for each principle respectively. The mathematical model and the layout optimization objective function are used to transform the problem of layout solution into combinatorial optimization problem, and the genetic ant colony algorithm is used to solve the problem. The fitness function for layout optimization, the expression of pheromone and heuristic information are studied. The suboptimal solution of the layout scheme is generated by genetic algorithm, and the distribution of the initial pheromone is transformed. The algorithm of the positive feedback optimization mechanism of ant colony algorithm is solved accurately, and the algorithm of the artificial optimization process of the solution is realized. The better optimization performance and time performance are obtained. (3) in the color layout design, the influence of color value, color number, area proportion and position distribution form on color image is discussed. The use of K The J method grouped 125 color samples. Through the semantic difference method, the relationship between the color samples and the image semantic "dynamic and static" was investigated. The adjectives were divided into three kinds of dynamic, neutral and quiet grey categories with the "dynamic and quiet" color image evaluation, and the human computer interface as a whole was predicted by the grey clustering method. Color image tendency. Combined with color image positioning value to obtain color combination, construct a feasible solution color database. Use the global search function of interactive genetic algorithm to make color combination, and reduce search space by stratified search to accelerate population convergence. (4) evaluation of the cabin from the perspective of ergonomics in the field of ergonomics evaluation. It shows whether the layout of the control element conforms to the physiological structure and psychological characteristics of the human, whether it can minimize the probability of human error. On the basis of the analysis of the characteristics of the visual field of the human body, the eye ellipse and H point in the design principle of the car are improved, the human model is located with the eye ellipsoid fast, and the CATIA software is applied. Visual analysis and Simulation of main operating posture. Combined with Kane dynamic model and NASA force model, joint torque is introduced into joint comfort assessment, and the layout scheme is evaluated with upper limb operating comfort. In the field of petroleum industry, the common performance factors in the CREAM method are improved, and the weight of the joint is determined by the analytic hierarchy process. Grey relational analysis is used to evaluate the reliability of cabin people. (5) in the aspect of color image evaluation, from the perspective of color psychological effect, whether the design of cabin environment color can play a rational function of color adjustment and whether it is in line with the user's color image requirements. The color samples and image semantics of the cabin environment are carried out by semantic difference method. The experiment of color image evaluation is preprocessed by factor analysis. On the premise of retaining the main information of the data, the correlation between the data is removed and the data dimension is effectively reduced. The objective weight of each color factor is determined by entropy weight method. 125 groups of evaluation data are used as the data base of the prediction model and based on the gene expression. The programming algorithm realizes the automatic modeling of complex functions, constructs the best fitting function between the factor score of the color sample of the cabin environment and the comprehensive color image, and provides a solution for the rapid evaluation of the color image. Through the above research, a set of suitable layout and evaluation optimization of the human-computer interface of the cabin is formed. Based on the theory and method system, the prototype system is developed, and the case of the man-machine interface layout of the driller control room of the drilling rig is verified. The theoretical system of the man-machine efficiency research in the cabin is enriched and perfected, which is of practical value for improving the man-machine performance of the cabin.
【学位授予单位】：西北工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U674.941;TB18
，
本文编号：2129312
[Abstract]:The cabin is a man-machine interaction node with control and control. The man-machine interface is composed of a large number of display and manipulative components, and the structure is complex. A reasonable layout design of the man-machine interface of the cabin can provide a comfortable operating posture for the workers, a good vision and a pleasant environment, which will help to give full play to the working efficiency of the workers. From the man-machine The layout design and evaluation and optimization of the ergonomics are of great significance. However, at present, the study of layout problems is mostly from the perspective of engineering practice, in order to improve the space and the utilization of materials as the research goal, but few in the layout design of the cabin are concerned about the cognitive characteristics and perceptual image needs of the people. In view of the above problems, a sub project on the design and key technology research of the 4500 meter manned submersible and the key project of the National 863 plan project: the layout of the 4500 meter manned submersible and key technology: the layout of the cabin. Under the support of the optimization design method research, the key technologies around the layout design and evaluation optimization of the man-machine interface of the cabin are studied. The main contents and innovation points of this paper are as follows: (1) from the angle of industrial design, the problem of the layout design and evaluation optimization of the man-machine interface of the cabin is decomposed, described and solved, and the man-machine boundary of the cabin is put forward. The method framework of surface layout design and evaluation optimization, including: the spatial layout design method based on the genetic ant colony algorithm, the HMI color layout design method based on the hierarchical and interactive genetic algorithm, the comprehensive evaluation method of layout efficiency covering visual ergonomics, operation comfort and human reliability analysis; The color image evaluation method of expression programming algorithm (2) (2) on the basis of the spatial layout design, the cognitive model of human interface in the cabin is built on the basis of the information processing model of the space. The cognitive model is used to describe the human cognition process, the law of human cognition and the principle of layout design. The layout optimization is constructed for each principle respectively. The mathematical model and the layout optimization objective function are used to transform the problem of layout solution into combinatorial optimization problem, and the genetic ant colony algorithm is used to solve the problem. The fitness function for layout optimization, the expression of pheromone and heuristic information are studied. The suboptimal solution of the layout scheme is generated by genetic algorithm, and the distribution of the initial pheromone is transformed. The algorithm of the positive feedback optimization mechanism of ant colony algorithm is solved accurately, and the algorithm of the artificial optimization process of the solution is realized. The better optimization performance and time performance are obtained. (3) in the color layout design, the influence of color value, color number, area proportion and position distribution form on color image is discussed. The use of K The J method grouped 125 color samples. Through the semantic difference method, the relationship between the color samples and the image semantic "dynamic and static" was investigated. The adjectives were divided into three kinds of dynamic, neutral and quiet grey categories with the "dynamic and quiet" color image evaluation, and the human computer interface as a whole was predicted by the grey clustering method. Color image tendency. Combined with color image positioning value to obtain color combination, construct a feasible solution color database. Use the global search function of interactive genetic algorithm to make color combination, and reduce search space by stratified search to accelerate population convergence. (4) evaluation of the cabin from the perspective of ergonomics in the field of ergonomics evaluation. It shows whether the layout of the control element conforms to the physiological structure and psychological characteristics of the human, whether it can minimize the probability of human error. On the basis of the analysis of the characteristics of the visual field of the human body, the eye ellipse and H point in the design principle of the car are improved, the human model is located with the eye ellipsoid fast, and the CATIA software is applied. Visual analysis and Simulation of main operating posture. Combined with Kane dynamic model and NASA force model, joint torque is introduced into joint comfort assessment, and the layout scheme is evaluated with upper limb operating comfort. In the field of petroleum industry, the common performance factors in the CREAM method are improved, and the weight of the joint is determined by the analytic hierarchy process. Grey relational analysis is used to evaluate the reliability of cabin people. (5) in the aspect of color image evaluation, from the perspective of color psychological effect, whether the design of cabin environment color can play a rational function of color adjustment and whether it is in line with the user's color image requirements. The color samples and image semantics of the cabin environment are carried out by semantic difference method. The experiment of color image evaluation is preprocessed by factor analysis. On the premise of retaining the main information of the data, the correlation between the data is removed and the data dimension is effectively reduced. The objective weight of each color factor is determined by entropy weight method. 125 groups of evaluation data are used as the data base of the prediction model and based on the gene expression. The programming algorithm realizes the automatic modeling of complex functions, constructs the best fitting function between the factor score of the color sample of the cabin environment and the comprehensive color image, and provides a solution for the rapid evaluation of the color image. Through the above research, a set of suitable layout and evaluation optimization of the human-computer interface of the cabin is formed. Based on the theory and method system, the prototype system is developed, and the case of the man-machine interface layout of the driller control room of the drilling rig is verified. The theoretical system of the man-machine efficiency research in the cabin is enriched and perfected, which is of practical value for improving the man-machine performance of the cabin.
【学位授予单位】：西北工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U674.941;TB18
，
本文编号：2129312
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