空间粘滞液体阻尼隔振器研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 15:40

【摘要】：为了抑制卫星对空间光学载荷的扰动，需对光学载荷进行隔振设计。被动隔振技术因其可靠性高、隔振效果好等优点而被广泛应用于航天领域。为此，本文设计了一种空间用粘滞液体阻尼隔振器，它具有密封可靠、空间环境适应性好等优点。首先介绍了国内外隔振器的发展现状及相关的隔振理论，，然后根据空间光学遥感器的隔振需求确定了隔振器的结构参数，设计了一种具有三向刚度的弹簧片，采用有限单元法研究了影响弹簧片刚度的几个主要参数厚度、波数和圆弧半径。根据流体力学相关知识建立了隔振器阻尼力计算模型，并研究了阻尼孔长度、阻尼孔半径及阻尼液粘度对阻尼系数的影响。在隔振器刚度和阻尼设计的基础上完成了隔振器结构设计，并充分考虑结构工艺性、密封、注油等问题。其次，将采用上述方法设计的隔振器分别应用到1m口径相机隔振系统及定位臂隔振系统中。利用有限元分析软件建立相机及隔振系统有限元模型，通过模态分析及频响分析得到其前六阶模态及传递率曲线，仿真结果表明：该隔振系统可使20Hz以上的振动衰减达到60%，满足隔振要求。将隔振器应用在光学设施运动补偿的定位臂上，并对系统进行仿真分析，分析结果表明隔振器可将系统摆动频率控制在1Hz以内，可有效抑制光学设施的振幅。最后，进行了隔振器的性能实验，采用力锤敲击法分别测试隔振器在不同阻尼孔直径、不同阻尼液粘度和不同构型下的隔振性能，还对隔振器质量块系统进行模态分析，得到系统前三阶模态，并与实验结果对比，实验结果与有限元仿真结果误差控制在4%以内。通过实验结果验证了隔振器有限元模型的正确性，数据处理后得到阻尼液粘度和粘滞损失因子之间的数值关系，据此我们可以设计出所需刚度和阻尼系数的隔振器，缩短工程设计时间，降低设计成本。
[Abstract]:In order to suppress the disturbance of the space optical load, the vibration isolation design of the optical load is needed. Passive vibration isolation technology is widely used in aerospace field because of its high reliability and good vibration isolation effect. In this paper, a viscous liquid damping vibration isolator for space is designed, which has the advantages of reliable sealing and good adaptability to space environment. This paper first introduces the development status of vibration isolators at home and abroad and the relevant vibration isolation theory, then determines the structural parameters of the isolators according to the vibration isolation requirements of the space optical remote sensors, and designs a spring plate with three direction stiffness. The thickness, wave number and arc radius of several main parameters affecting the stiffness of spring plate are studied by finite element method. Based on the relevant knowledge of fluid mechanics, the damping force calculation model of the isolator is established, and the effects of damping hole length, damping hole radius and damping fluid viscosity on the damping coefficient are studied. Based on the design of the stiffness and damping of the isolator, the structural design of the isolator is completed, and the structural process, sealing and oil injection are fully considered. Secondly, the vibration isolator designed by the above method is applied to the vibration isolation system of the 1m caliber camera and the vibration isolation system of the positioning arm respectively. The finite element model of camera and vibration isolation system is established by using finite element analysis software. The first six modes and transfer rate curves are obtained by modal analysis and frequency response analysis. The simulation results show that the vibration attenuation above 20Hz can reach 60%, which can meet the requirements of vibration isolation. The vibration isolator is applied to the positioning arm of motion compensation of optical facilities, and the system is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the vibration frequency of the system can be controlled within 1Hz and the amplitude of the optical device can be effectively suppressed by the isolator. Finally, the performance experiment of the isolator is carried out. The vibration isolation performance of the isolator under different damping hole diameter, different viscosity of damping fluid and different configuration is tested by force hammer percussion method. Modal analysis is also carried out on the mass block system of the isolator. The first three modes of the system are obtained, and compared with the experimental results, the error between the experimental results and the finite element simulation results is controlled within 4%. The validity of the finite element model of the isolator is verified by the experimental results. The numerical relationship between the viscosity of the damping fluid and the viscosity loss factor is obtained after the data processing. Based on this, the required stiffness and damping coefficient of the isolator can be designed. Shortens the engineering design time, reduces the design cost.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(长春光学精密机械与物理研究所)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB535.1

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