典型技术的产品可用性设计方法研究

发布时间：2018-07-31 16:41

【摘要】：科学技术日益成为经济社会发展的驱动力,一方面要提高自主创新能力,另一方面还要提高典型技术的转化能力。可用性研究是将科学技术转化为具体产品的重要工具。产品可用性是指在特定环境下,产品为特定用户用于特定目的时所具有的有效性、效率和主观满意度。现有的可用性研究主要集中在可用性评估方面,一般用于产品设计的后期,而本文将可用性的内涵进行了扩展,认为产品设计的全过程都应考虑可用性的问题,即：在设计初期发现“这些问题会对谁是可用的”；在设计中期找出“怎样才能使之成为可用的”；在设计后期确定“哪一个是可用的”。本文以典型技术为例,研究将其转化为可用性产品的设计方法,强调在产品设计过程中要紧紧围绕用户出发,在设计的各个阶段要有用户的参与,以便及时获得用户的反馈并据此进行改进。针对典型技术的生命周期不同,本文围绕以人为中心的设计理念,致力于研究不同的设计策略,将对我国的设计研发和技术转化提供有益的参考。本文首先从可用性研究、产品设计创新方法、产品可用性设计应用等三个方面分析了国内外研究现状,发现了存在的问题,提出了本课题的目标和研究框架。接下来,本文提出了基于用户研究的产品设计程序,并结合产品设计中的可用性因素和方法,提出了不同生命周期的产品在可用性设计时应采取的不同方法,并进而建立了典型技术可用性设计方法模型。研究发现：当一种成熟期技术被用于新的领域,则可能衍生为新的萌芽期产品或成长期产品,这种技术转化的方式具有开发周期短、见效快等优点,具有更广阔的应用前景。本文将产品设计分成三个阶段,并选取三种典型技术作为研究对象,进一步阐述了可用性设计方法的应用。在产品设计初期,主要应用设计调查和需求预测进行用户研究,进而锁定产品的使用对象,并发现他们的需求。设计调查常用的方法包括故事板、深度访谈、焦点小组和文献调查,主要是从主观角度对用户进行研究,而需求预测则是通过输入相关知识和信息,建立数据库,从中发掘用户的需求信息,是一种相对客观的方法。本文认为：将用户研究的主观方法和客观方法相结合,用设计调查的结论验证需求预测的结果,能够更好的提高产品设计的可用性。本文还应用以上设计方法研究了“榨油技术”在家庭中的产品化应用,发现了该类产品的潜在需求。产品设计中期是体现设计创意的主要环节。围绕设计定位和目标,通过设计创意,能够将设计概念可视化,让设计对象变得更加具体可行,而可用性设计研究的目标就是发现尽可能多的创意线索并找出相对合理的解决方案。因此,本文运用奥斯本检核表,针对“家用净水技术”,对50名工业设计专业大三学生进行了对照实验,发现了该方法的有效性。然后,从形态设计和功能设计入手,阐述了产品设计创意的不同案例。另外,本文还提出了基于产品基因的设计创新方法,丰富了产品设计创意的手段和技巧。在产品设计后期,以往的研究常通过试生产和试用来验证设计的可用性。本文把可用性研究延伸到了设计评价阶段,提炼消费者、生产者和设计者的不同需要,提出了通过灰色统计方法与DEA方法相结合,建立一种定性与定量相结合,科学有效的多指标评价方法,并通过某品牌空调产品设计方案的评价进行了验证。本文引入了新的技术手段,丰富了产品设计方法,同时将可用性设计方法用于典型技术的产品设计,扩大了可用性的应用领域,又解决了设计质量评价的问题。还提出了对于可用性内涵的新的理解,将可用性分解成“为谁可用”、“如何可用”、“哪个可用”三个层面,并进而确立了以用户为中心的设计分析方法、以用户需求为导向的设计创意方法、以用户体验为核心的设计评价方法。本文选取典型技术作为研究对象,研究将技术转化为具体产品的机制和设计方法,根据用户需求开发新产品,有助于提升我国制造业的自主创新能力。
[Abstract]:Science and technology have become the driving force of economic and social development. On the one hand, it is necessary to improve the ability of independent innovation, on the other hand, to improve the transformation ability of typical technology. Availability, efficiency and subjective satisfaction. Available availability research is mainly focused on usability evaluation, which is generally used in the later stage of product design. This article extends the connotation of usability and considers that the whole process of product design should consider the problem of usability. It is available "; find out" how can make it available "in the middle of the design; determine" which is available "in the later design. In this paper, a typical technology is used as an example to study the design method of converting it into a usable product. It emphasizes that in the process of product design, it is necessary to set out closely around the user in the process of design and at various stages of the design. In order to get the user's feedback and improve the user's feedback in time, the life cycle of the typical technology is different. This article focuses on the design concept of human centered, and is devoted to the research of different design strategies, and will provide useful reference for the design, research and development of our country and the transformation of technology.
In this paper, the research status at home and abroad is analyzed from three aspects such as usability research, product design innovation method and product usability design application. The existing problems are found and the objectives and research framework of this topic are put forward. Then, this paper proposes a product design program based on user research, and combines the usability of product design. Factors and methods, propose different methods of product availability design for different life cycles, and then establish a model of typical technical usability design method. The formula has the advantages of short development cycle and quick effect, and has a broader application prospect.
This paper divides the product design into three stages, and selects three typical technologies as the research object, further expounds the application of usability design method.
In the early stage of product design, the main application of design survey and demand forecast is to study the user, and then to lock the object of the product and find their needs. The common methods of design investigation include storyboard, depth interview, focus group and literature survey, mainly from the subjective angle to the user, and the demand forecast is through losing. It is a relatively objective method to enter the relevant knowledge and information, establish the database and explore the user's requirements information. This paper considers that the subjective and objective methods of the user research are combined to verify the results of the demand prediction with the conclusion of the design investigation. The application of "oil extraction technology" in the family has been studied, and the potential demand of this product has been discovered.
In the middle of the design of product design is the main link that embodies the design creativity. Around the design orientation and the goal, the design concept can be visualized and the design objects become more concrete and feasible by designing the creative ideas. The goal of the usability design research is to find as many creative clues as possible and to find a relatively reasonable solution. With the Osborn check list and the "household water purification technology", a comparative experiment was carried out on 50 major industrial design majors, and the effectiveness of the method was found. Then, from the form design and function design, the different cases of product design creativity were expounded. In addition, the design innovation method based on product gene was also put forward in this article. The means and skills of the creative design of the product are rich.
In the later period of product design, the previous research often verified the usability of the design by trial production and trial. This paper extends the usability study to the design evaluation stage, refines the different needs of consumers, producers and designers, and puts forward a combination of grey statistics and DEA methods to establish a combination of qualitative and quantitative, scientific The effective multi index evaluation method is verified by the evaluation of a brand air conditioning product design scheme.
In this paper, a new technique is introduced, which enriches the method of product design. At the same time, the usability design method is used in the product design of typical technology, the application field of usability is expanded, and the problem of design quality evaluation is solved. "Available", "which can be used" three levels, and then establishes a user centered design analysis method, a user demand oriented design creative method, a design evaluation method with user experience as the core. This paper selects the typical technology as the research object, and studies the mechanism and design method of transforming technology into specific products. Developing new products according to user needs is helpful to enhance the independent innovation ability of China's manufacturing industry.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB472

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