新型矢量水听器研究

发布时间：2018-08-07 17:33

【摘要】：矢量水听器作为一种新型水声换能器,可以提供水下声场质点振速信息,具有常规水听器无法比拟的优势。因此能够使研究人员更加全面的了解声场,促进对水下声学物理特性的研究。尤其优越的低频余弦型指向性,可以使其在小孔径下获得较高的增益。矢量水听器按照工作原理主要分为两大类:一种为惯性传感器,即通常的同振柱型与球型矢量水听器。作为惯性式传感器,结构上主要由悬挂系统与传感器本身组成。在应用上作为一整体,性能指标由悬挂系统与传感器本身共同确定。一种为非惯性传感器,主要包括压差式矢量水听器和多模水听器(从传感器方式上多模水听器本身就是一种压差式矢量水听器)。作为非惯性式传感器,结构上不需要悬挂系统。性能指标由传感器本身确定。针对同振型矢量水听器多采用金属弹簧或橡胶绳后期点对点悬挂,且重复悬挂会带来水听器性能指标不稳定的问题,本文提出一种可刚性固定的同振柱型矢量水听器。其思想为将悬挂系统与同振柱型矢量水听器融为一体,结构上采用圆环型橡胶弹簧与同振柱型矢量水听器面对面接触方式;在运动方式上利用圆环型橡胶弹簧剪切运动使水听器与水下声波达到同振的效果。本文首先针对同振柱型矢量水听器接收理论通常不考虑悬挂系统对性能指标影响的问题,利用等效电路法将声学理论与振动系统同时融合在等效电路中。通过建立带有悬挂系统的同振柱型矢量水听器等效电路,推导出水听器在水中的灵敏度表达式。仿真分析水听器密度,内部敏感元件,悬挂系统对水听器工作特性的影响。再利用有限元方法(基于ANSYS软件)对圆环型橡胶弹簧的水平剪切刚度影响因素进行研究。利用2参数Mooney-Rivlen模型分析圆环橡胶弹簧材料参数,尺寸参数对剪切刚度的影响,并计算在有预应压力的条件下不同压力值对剪切刚度的影响。在此基础上,研制出两种内置不同敏感元件的矢量水听器样品。内置压电加速度计的同振柱型矢量水听器,其工作频段为500Hz-2500Hz,灵敏度不小于-190dB(@1kHz);内置动圈速度计同振柱型矢量器,其工作频段为500Hz-1600Hz,灵敏度为-190dB。同振型矢量水听器的弹性悬挂系统通常仅作为振动系统的一部分,并不直接与声波作用。本文研究了一种具有弹性包裹体的同振球型矢量水听器。声波通过弹性包裹体作用到内部球型矢量水听器使之运动,进而拾取声质点振速信号。文中介绍了该型矢量水听器物理模型的建立过程,通过理论与仿真分析,确定了相关参数对水听器性能的影响规律。最后研制出水听器样品,并在新安江进行湖上测试。其工作频段为63Hz-1600Hz,灵敏度为-183dB(@1kH)。针对压差式矢量水听器通常只适合高频段工作且带宽较窄的问题,本文提出一种新型夹心结构压差式矢量水听器。利用棒的弯曲振动模态使之可在较低频率下工作。本文研究了如何利用ANSYS软件分析计算压差式矢量水听器水下电声特性。首先利用ANSYS有限元软件对夹心结构压差式矢量水听器模型进行空气中模态分析,研究材料参数对水听器最低阶振动模态的影响。其次,对水听器进行水中谐响应分析,运用互易原理对其灵敏度进行仿真计算。通过声场分析,得出其指向性特性。最后,研究了新型夹心结构压差式矢量水听器装配制作工艺,并制作了出夹心结构压差式矢量水听器样品。在消声水池中进行了电声性能测试,测试结果表明其与理论结果基本一致。
[Abstract]:The vector hydrophone, as a new type of underwater acoustic transducer, can provide the velocity information of the underwater acoustic field, which has the advantage unparalleled by the conventional hydrophone. Therefore, it can make the researchers understand the sound field more comprehensively and promote the study of underwater acoustic physical characteristics. Especially, the superior low frequency cosine directivity can make it in the small aperture. The vector hydrophone is divided into two main categories in accordance with the working principle: one is the inertial sensor, that is, the usual same vibrating column and the spherical vector hydrophone. As an inertial sensor, the structure is mainly composed of the suspension system and the sensor itself. A non inertia sensor, including a pressure differential vector hydrophone and a multimode hydrophone (a pressure differential vector hydrophone from the sensor mode itself). As a non inertial sensor, the suspension system is not needed. The index of sexual energy is determined by the sensor itself. In this paper, a rigid fixed column type vector hydrophone is proposed in this paper. The idea is to integrate the suspension system with the same vibrating column vector water hearing device and adopt a circular ring type rubber projectile in the structure. The surface contact mode between the spring and the same vibrating column type vector hydrophone; using the circular ring type rubber spring shear movement to make the underwater acoustic wave achieve the same vibration in the mode of motion. Firstly, the theory of receiving the same vibrating column type vector hydrophone usually does not consider the effect of the suspension system on the index of the sex energy, and the equivalent circuit method is used. The acoustic theory and the vibration system are fused simultaneously in the equivalent circuit. By establishing the equivalent circuit of a vectorial hydrophone with a suspension system, the sensitivity expression of the hydrophone in the water is derived. The influence of the hydrophone density, the internal sensitive element, the suspension system on the working characteristics of the water Lister is simulated and analyzed. The method (based on ANSYS software) is used to study the factors affecting the horizontal shear stiffness of the ring type rubber spring. Using the 2 parameter Mooney-Rivlen model, the effect of the material parameters and the size parameters on the shear stiffness is analyzed, and the influence of the different pressure values on the shear stiffness under the prestress conditions is calculated. Two kinds of vector hydrophone samples with different sensitive elements are built. The same vibration column vector hydrophone with a piezoelectric accelerometer is 500Hz-2500Hz with a sensitivity of no less than -190dB (@1kHz), and a built-in moving coil speed meter with a vibrating column vectorer, its working frequency is 500Hz-1600Hz, and the sensitivity is a -190dB. same mode vector hydrophone. The sexual suspension system is usually only a part of the vibration system and does not directly affect the sound wave. In this paper, a kind of vector hydrophone with the same vibrational sphere with elastic inclusions is studied. The sound waves are moved by the elastic inclusions to the internal spherical vector hydrophone, and then the velocity signal of the sound mass point is picked up. The vector water hearing is introduced in this paper. The establishment process of the physical model, through the theoretical and simulation analysis, determines the influence of the related parameters on the performance of the hydrophone. Finally, the water Lister sample is developed and the lake is tested on the lake. The working frequency is 63Hz-1600Hz and the sensitivity is -183dB (@1kH). The pressure differential vector hydrophone is usually only suitable for high frequency section. A new type of sandwich structure pressure differential vector hydrophone is proposed in this paper. This paper uses the bending vibration mode of the rod to work at a lower frequency. This paper studies how to use the ANSYS software to analyze the underwater acoustic characteristics of the pressure differential vector hydrophone. First, the pressure difference vector of the sandwich structure is used by the ANSYS finite element software. The modal analysis of the hydrophone is carried out in the air, and the influence of material parameters on the minimum vibration mode of the hydrophone is studied. Secondly, the water harmonic response is analyzed in water and the sensitivity of the hydrophone is simulated by the reciprocity principle. Through the sound field analysis, the directivity of the hydrophone is obtained. Finally, the pressure difference vector of the new sandwich structure is studied. The hydrophone is assembled and fabricated, and the sandwich structure pressure differential vector hydrophone sample is produced. The electroacoustic performance test is carried out in a silencer. The test results show that it is basically consistent with the theoretical results.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TB565.1

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